Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) suffers from a high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Tone reservation (TR) technology is considered as one of the most promising methods because of no additional distortion, no side information, and low implementation cost. However, in all PAPR reduction schemes,determining the optimal target clipping level is difficult. In this paper, we con...

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) suffers from a high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Tone reservation (TR) technology is considered as one of the most promising methods because of no additional distortion, no side information, and low implementation cost. However, in all PAPR reduction schemes, determining the optimal target clipping level is difficult. In this paper, we co...

Many modern communication signal formats, such as orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and code-division multiple access (CDMA), have high peak-to-average power ratios (PARs). A signal with a high PAR not only is vulnerable in the presence of nonlinear components such as power amplifiers (PAs), but also leads to low transmission power efficiency. Selected mapping (SLM) and clipping...

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a technology for high data rate broadband wireless communication system. It provides high spectral efficiency. The main limitation which degrades the performance of OFDM is inter-carrier interference (ICI), which is caused by Doppler frequency offset and transceiver local oscillator frequency offset. To mitigate ICI effect, a new method of IC...

Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR or PAR) is main problem of Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexing. The Classical Clipping method is focused in this paper for reduction ofPAR using different modulation techniques. Through the Analysis, it is shown that Clippingusing QPSK is better than BPSK.ReferencesH.G. Ryu "Combination of PAPR reduction and linearization for the ...

This paper presents performance analysis of Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) Reduction techniques in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) System such as Clipping, Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS), Selective Mapping (SLM) and SLM with Clipping (Hybrid Scheme) .Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) is calculated for each technique with different number of sub carrier...

Recent advances in the molecular genetics of cancer have provided a molecular basis for the concept that cell division is essential in the genesis of human cancer. The activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumorsuppressor genes allows cancer development. The activation of oncogenes, whether by mutation, translocation, or amplification, requires cell division. Genetic errors that precede t...

The destructive impact of fading environments and also bandwidth limitations are two main challenges which communication is dealing with them. These challenges can affect on the growth of wireless communication and even cause reliable communications and high data rate to be prevented. Thus, OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) modulation by using of fast calculation hardwares such ...

Cytokinesis in many organisms requires a plasma membrane anchored actomyosin ring, whose contraction facilitates cell division. In yeast and fungi, actomyosin ring constriction is also coordinated with division septum assembly. How the actomyosin ring interacts with the plasma membrane and the plasma membrane-localized septum synthesizing machinery remains poorly understood. In Schizosaccharomy...

From microbes to humans, the success of many organisms is achieved by dividing tasks among specialized group members. The evolution of such division of labor strategies is an important aspect of the major transitions in evolution. As such, identifying specific evolutionary pressures that give rise to group-level division of labor has become a topic of major interest among biologists. To overcom...