The Colorado River is contaminated with perchlorate concentrations of 1.5-8 microg/L, an anion linked to thyroid dysfunction. Over 90% of the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) consumed during the winter months in the United States is produced in the Lower Colorado River region. Studies were conducted in this region to survey the potential for lettuce perchlorate accumulation and estimate potential hu...

Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Chenopodium album are noxious weeds that have a cosmopolitan distribution. These species successfully invade adapted to wide variety of diverse climates. In this paper, we evaluated the morphology biochemistry 16 populations A. 17 C. Seeds from collected Spain, France, Iran were grown together at experimental field agriculture research University Mohaghegh Ardabili...

To determine the in vitro allelopathic effect of aqueous extract Calathea lutea (Aubl.) E.Mey. ex Schult. (bijao) on initial growth Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce) variety White Boston. An at 15% w/v was prepared with each part bijao plant (stem, leaf, and root), it left to stand for 48 hours, then extracts 2, 4, 6% concentrations were obtained by dilution. 10 lettuce seeds/petri dishes sown, irrig...

Abiotic stresses such as salinity and metal contaminations are the major environmental stresses that adversely affect crop productivity worldwide. Crop responses and tolerance to abiotic stress are complex processes for which "-omic" approaches such as metabolomics is giving us a newest view of biological systems. The aim of the current research was to assess metabolic changes in lettuce (Lactu...

It is known that lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa L.) phenological stage and environmental changes can cause in the plant cell morphology an important variation secondary metabolites. Antioxidant compounds are beneficial to health salinity increase them. The aim of this study was determine effect salt concentration (NaCl 0.05 0.1 mol L-1) harvest time (days 10, 20 30) on mass, color param...

Root zone high-temperature stress is a major factor limiting hydroponic plant growth during the high-temperature season. The effects of root zone cooling (RZC; at 25°C) and exogenous spermidine (Spd) root-pretreatment (SRP, 0.1 mM) on growth, leaf photosynthetic traits, and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of hydroponic Lactuca sativa L. grown in a high-temperature season (average tempe...