(iConstable, 1964, 21s.) In this book we walk through phantom towns, phantom offices, we are taken t0 phantom hospitals, we meet phantom people?the author never names a place, ?r tells us what her work was-?her parents, her friends, her psychiatrists, nurses aflo fellow patients have no faces. As though the world she moved in had hardly touch^0 her. How can you live like this and not die of lon...

Over the past few decades, reasoning and rationality have been the focus of enormous interdisciplinary attention, attracting interest from philosophers, psychologists, economists, statisticians and anthropologists, among others. The widespread interest in the topic reflects the central status of reasoning in human affairs. But it also suggests that there are many different though related projec...

Background: Medication errors due to different reasons may alter the outcome of all patients, especially patients with drug poisoning. We introduce one of the most common type of medication error in the present article. Case: A 48 year old woman with suspected organophosphate poisoning was died due to lethal medication error. Unfortunately these types of errors are not rare and had some preven...

On the face of things, it would seem that suffering can have significant value for creatures like ourselves. It is overwhelmingly plausible from the point of view of both naı̈ve reflection and broadly empirical investigation that suffering is a necessary condition on a certain kind of fitness-preserving causal motivation, and one that assists and supports rational activity. On such a view, suffe...

In this contribution, the prisoner’s dilemma is revisited and taken as an example par excellence for the problems with reductionist reasoning. It is related to recent findings in evolutionary psychology and also set into the broad context of critiques against rationalism as such. It will be argued that rationality goes well beyond traditional logic and reductionist reasoning based on it. Comple...

Having read seven letters and the authors’ reply on the issue as to whether or not statin treatment should be off ered to people at low risk of cardiovascular disease (Nov 24, pp 1814–18), I was marvelling at the process of scientifi c reasoning that could weigh the pros and cons of a contentious issue in such a mature and logical manner. And then came the letter by Nicholas Wald and Malcolm La...

This contribution discusses Leibniz’s conception of faith and its relation to reason. It shows that, for Leibniz, faith embraces both cognitive and non-cognitive dimensions: although it must be grounded in reason, it is not merely reasonable belief. Moreover, for Leibniz, a truth of faith (like any truth) can never be contrary to reason but can be above the limits of comprehension of human reas...

Computers and Thought are the two categories that together de ne Arti cial Intelligence as a discipline. It is generally accepted that work in Arti cial Intelligence over the last thirty years has had a strong in uence on aspects of computer architectures. In this paper we also make the converse claim; that the state of computer architecture has been a strong in uence on our models of thought. ...