Abstract This paper sketches a grammar of English relative clause constructions (including infinitival and reduced relatives) based on the notions of construction type and type constraints. Generalizations about dependency relations and clausal functions are factored into distinct dimensions contributing constraints to specific construction types in a multiple inheritance type hierarchy. The gr...

Predicting habitat quality is a major challenge for animals selecting a breeding patch, because it affects reproductive success. Breeding site selection may be based on previous experience, or on social information from the density and success of competitors with an earlier phenology. Variation in animal breeding phenology is often correlated with variation in habitat quality. Generally, animal...

Hollow-dwelling passerine birds were tested for UV surface colour discrimination by using the instinct to bring food to nestlings that makes a bird search for the nest under changing conditions. The experiments were carried out on breeding pairs of pied flycatcher (Muscicapa hypoleuca), great tit (Parus major) and tree sparrow (Passer montanus) in the wild by the method of alternative choice of...

The authors measured plasma carotenoid levels in three insectivorous bird species, the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca), the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), and the great tit (Parus major) in metal-polluted and unpolluted sites around a copper smelter. Their aim was to determine whether there was interspecific, age-related, or yearly variation in carotenoid levels and their responses to the...

Some parasite cuckoo species lay eggs that, to the human eye, appear to mimic the appearance of the eggs of their favourite hosts, which hinders discrimination and removal of their eggs by host species. Hitherto, perception of cuckoo-host egg mimicry has been estimated based on human vision or spectrophotometry, which does not account for what the receivers' eye (i.e. hosts) actually discrimina...

Group size in an imperative factor in determining an individual’s behavioural actions and applies to all organisms in the animal kingdom. Different group sizes come with varying benefits and threats forcing the animal to accept them or find a group size that suits its needs. Behaviours, such as, standing, walking, sleeping and foraging are a part of shorebirds’ daily routine, yet the frequencie...

OJANEN, M. 1984. The relation between spring migration and onset of breeding in the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca in northern Finland. Annales Zoologici Fennici 21:205-208. PENNYCUICK, C. J. 1989. Bird flight performance: A practical calculation manual. Oxford University Press, Oxford. PETTERSSON, J., AND D. HASSELQUIST. 1985. Fat deposition and migration capacity of Robins Erithacus rubec...

Résumé Une talalgie est l'une des symptômes les plus courants du pied. LeLipome intra-osseuse est l'un des plus rares tumeurs osseuses trouvées dans le calcanéum. Nous rapportons une observation d’un patient s’est présenté à la consultation avec des douleurs intermittentes chroniques et spontanées du talon, chez qui les investigations cliniques et radiologiques ont retenu un diagnostic d’un lip...