Pollutant degradation in biotrickling ®lters for waste air treatment is generally thought to occur only in the bio®lm. In two experiments with toluene degrading biotrickling ®lters, we show that suspended microorganisms in the recycle liquid may substantially contribute to the overall pollutant removal. Two days after reactor start up, the overall toluene elimination capacity reached a maximum ...

The disturbance sensitivity of an integrated plant is to a large extent caused by interactions between the process units, imposed by material and energy recycle flows. In this paper we show how a plug flow (delay) tank integrated in the recycle path can be used to modify these interactions such as to reduce the disturbance sensitivity in a given frequency range. The principle idea is to modify ...

In order to increase the typically low equilibrium CO2 conversion methanol using commercially proven technology, addition of two intermediate condensation units between reaction steps is evaluated in this work. Detailed process simulations with heat integration and techno-economic analyses synthesis from green H2 captured are presented here, comparing proposed conventional approach. new process...

We analyze recycling decisions for bioplastics using a natural field experiment. Bioplastics have environmental benefits – such as reduced energy use in production and enhanced biodegredation compared to conventional plastics. Recycling that are not consistent with government guidelines, however, may cause rebound effect. For instance when biobased plastics contaminate organic waste streams, or...

An anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME) for production of biogas was carried out at pilot scale under thermophilic condition. The objective of this research is to maintain short hydraulic retention time (HRT) and high degradation of the POME to biogas by applying recycle sludge. Fresh POME from PTPN IV without further treatment was used as feed. The fermentation process occurred...

The density matrix describing the evolution of a spin-3/2 system excited by a quadrupolar-echo sequence consisting of two rf pulses in quadrature phase, (X)-tau 2-(Y)-tau 4-[acquisition(y)], is calculated from the equilibrium state to the acquisition period. The interactions involved are the first-order quadrupolar interaction throughout the experiment and a local heteronuclear magnetic dipolar...