Introduction: Although income is among the major social determinants of mental health of middle-aged and older individuals, socially marginalized groups gain less health from their income and other socioeconomic status (SES) resources compared to socially privileged groups. This pattern is called marginalization-related diminished returns (MDRs). Most of the existing knowledge ...

We present a simple model with income risk and borrowing constraints which yields a “discounted Euler equation.” This feature of the model mutes the extent to which news about far future real interest rates (i.e., forward guidance) affects current outcomes. We show that this simple model approximates the outcomes of a rich model with uninsurable income risk and borrowing constraints in response...

Regional Income Inequality in Selected Large Countries Income inequality can be measured at different levels of aggregation such as global, continental, international and national levels. Here we consider income inequality at the national level but the focus is on the within country regional inequality. Regional inequality in income distribution in a selection of large countries measured by the...

Annual Current-Dollar Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  National income and product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

S tandardised population based health surveys have produced much useful information on the prevalence and determinants of asthma in children (International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Children (ISAAC) study) and adults (European Community Respiratory Health Study (ECRHS) study). Most sites participating in these studies have been in high income countries and, because some centres took part a...

Comparative research on income inequality has produced several frameworks to study the institutional determinants of stratification. In contrast, no such framework and much less empirical evidence exist explain cross-national differences in wealth inequality. This situation is particularly lamentable as patterns diverge sharply from those income. We seek pave way for new explanations by tracing...

Workers’ compensation is one of the few State-administered income-maintenance programs operating throughout the United States. The national “system” that provides medical care and income-maintenance protection to workers disabled from workrelated injuries or illnesses actually consists of 50 independent State operations and several special Federal programs. The Social Security Administration (S...

OBJECTIVES We explored changing relations between substance use, welfare receipt, and substance-abuse treatment among low-income mothers before and after welfare reform. METHODS We examined annual data from mothers aged 18 to 49 years in the 1990-2001 National Household Survey of Drug Abuse and the 2002 National Survey of Drug Use and Health. Logistic regression was used to examine determinan...