The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) is functionally inactivated in the majority of cancers and is a critical mediator of DNA damage checkpoints. Despite the critical importance of RB function in tumor suppression, the coordinate impact of RB loss on the response to environmental and therapeutic sources of damage has remained largely unexplored. Here, we utilized a conditional knockout syst...

Loss of function of the human retinoblastoma gene (Rb) is a frequent genetic abnormality in human malignancies and causes a disturbance in the cell cycle and loss of normal proliferation and differentiation. We studied the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the Rb gene in 31 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cartilaginous tumors using polymerase chain reaction. The tumors were subdivided into 8 ca...

The ability to rescue viable prostate precursor tissue from retinoblastoma-deficient (Rb-/-) fetal mice has allowed for the isolation and characterization of the first Rb-/- prostate epithelial cell line. This cell line, designated Rb-/-PrE, was utilized for experiments examining the consequences of Rb loss on an epithelial population. These findings demonstrated that Rb deletion has no discern...

As generally acknowledged, the high-gain DC-DC converter is widely used in the sustainable energy system as the front-stage of the DC-AC converter. Therefore, it is indispensable for low voltage to be boosted to high voltage. In general, the boost converter or the buck-boost converter is widely used in such applications. However, it is not easy for such converters to achieve high voltage ratio....

This work introduces a new non-isolated buck-boost DC-DC converter. Interleaved configuration of the suggested structure increases the voltage conversion ratio. The voltage rate of the suggested converter can be stepped-up and stepped down for lower values of duty-cycle, which causes to decrease in the conduction losses of the system. The voltage conversion ratio of the recommended structure is...

At temperatures below 2.1 K, long-lived gaseous Rb atoms in glass cells have been generated with a simple method: irradiating the cells, containing 4He gas and Rb metal, with a cw laser. The obtained atomic Rb density ( approximately 10(8) cm(-3)) decreases with a 1/e time constant of about 10 s at 1.85 K. We have performed optical pumping of the Rb atoms and measured the longitudinal electroni...

In this paper a single-inductor dual-output (SIDO) buck-boost PFC converter operating in critical conduction mode (CRM) is proposed. By multiplexing a single inductor, each output of SIDO buck-boost converter can be regulated independently. Compared with conventional two-stage multiple output converter, SIDO buck-boost PFC converter benefits from significant overall cost saving, small size and ...

In this paper, a two-stage AC/DC converter is presented for a low-profile laptop adaptor. The system consists of a boost power factor pre-regulator and LLC resonant converter. The pre-regulator features high PF and high-efficiency, while secondary LLC converter features zero voltage switching (ZVS). The transformer in LLC converter is splited in two to reduce current stress and converter height...

DC DC converters are widely used in a variety of applications. It is mostly used in tracking maximum power point of PV array. The tapped inductor is a feasible method to extend the voltage conversion ratio. In this paper, the effect of tapped inductor in a boost converter is discussed. This paper provides a detailed design and analysis of a tapped inductor boost converter. The performance of th...

To understand the alterations of Rb tumor suppressor gene and the relationship between defects in the Rb and p53 pathways in human esophageal carcinogenesis, we examined the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the Rb gene and immunohistochemical staining of pRb protein in 56 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma specimens and related the results to the p53 gene alterations. Using four introgenic polym...