Video-based eye gaze detection systems are useful for eye-slaved support system for the severely disabled. The pupil center in the video image is a focal point to determine the eye gaze. Recently, to improve the disadvantages of traditional pupil detection methods, a pupil detection technique using two light sources (LEDs) and the image difference method was proposed [1]. In addition, for users...

An ophthalmic adaptive optics (AO) imaging system is especially affected by pupil edge effects due to the higher noise and aberration level at the edge of the human pupil as well as the impact of head and eye motions on the pupil. In this paper, a two-step approach was proposed and implemented for reducing the edge effects and improving wavefront slope boundary condition. First, given an imagin...

Purpose: To investigated the effects of pupil dilation on subjective refraction by using ground glass lens. Methods: Forty-two subjects (22.1 ± 1.2 years) participated in the study. We measured the change in pupil diameter during binocular and monocular vision (using an occluder and a ground glass lens). And we conducted subjective refraction test using an occluder and a ground glass lens. Pair...

We optimize the subjective depth of focus (DoF) with combinations of spherical aberration (SA4) and secondary spherical aberration (SA6) in various levels. Subjective DoF was defined as the visual interval for which three 20/50 high-contrast letters was perceived acceptable (objectionable blur limits). We used an adaptive optics system to dynamically correct the observer's aberrations and contr...

PURPOSE To determine whether pupil enlargement during phacotrabeculectomy affects postoperative visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP) compared to combined surgery without pupil enlargement. METHODS A retrospective study of 74 patients who underwent combined phacotrabeculectomy with (37 eyes) or without (37 eyes) pupil enlargement was performed. Postoperative outcome measures included b...

Pupil dilations of the eye are known to correspond to central cognitive processes. However, the relationship between pupil size and individual differences in cognitive ability is not as well studied. A peculiar finding that has cropped up in this research is that those high on cognitive ability have a larger pupil size, even during a passive baseline condition. Yet these findings were incidenta...

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) regulate pupil size by integrating extrinsic rod and cone signals with intrinsic melanopsin-mediated phototransduction. Light adapted pupil diameter is determined by the corneal flux density (CFD), and for central visual field stimulation the melanopsin-mediated post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) follows this same CFD relationshi...

Pupil mapping is a promising and unconventional new method for high contrast imaging being considered for terrestrial exoplanet searches. It employs two (or more) specially designed aspheric mirrors to create a high-contrast amplitude profile across the telescope pupil that does not appreciably attenuate amplitude. As such, it reaps significant benefits in light collecting efficiency and inner ...

A variable pupil generally regulates the amount of incoming light available for image formation on the retina. However, some of the semi-aquatic snakes (North American Gartersnakes, Thamnophis) that forage in relatively low light conditions reduce the pupil aperture in response to submergence underwater at the expense incoming light. Given that these snakes have all-cone retinas, reduction of i...

Pupil mapping is a promising and unconventional new method for high contrast imaging being considered for terrestrial exoplanet searches. It employs two (or more) specially designed aspheric mirrors to create a high-contrast amplitude profile across the telescope pupil that does not appreciably attenuate amplitude. As such, it reaps significant benefits in light collecting efficiency and inner ...