A critical review of cointegration is presented in this paper, emphasizing some limitations of this approach to testing causal relations in Econometrics. We present an application of cointegration tests to the relation between Private Consumption and Gross Domestic Product in 25 OECD countries, during the period 1960-97, and the results confirm those limitations and the convenience of giving mo...

This study set out to analyze the impact of fish production on gross domestic product (GDP) in Nigerian by using time series data ranging from 1981-2021. In method, Solow version Neo classical theory was used for theoretical framework. The adopted ordinary least square techniques regression analysis. Aside two main variables this which is and GDP, some control also (Labour productivity fixed ca...

this study investigated the effects of land size and two leased and private farming systems of machinery on economic efficiency and factors such as total production cost per hectare (ratio of total cost of agricultural inputs and operations to farm size), total income (ratio of product and byproduct value to farm size), yield (ratio of crop production to farm size) and degree of mechanization f...

The paper validates the relations between the share of public and private R&D spending and the effectiveness of national R&D sector. It states that in order to implement effective and profitable “high-tech policy”, governments have to intensify the share of business sector in Gross Domestic Expenditures on R&D. At the same time it is necessary to preserve the definite “government share” in R&D ...

Purpose This paper investigates the effect of abnormal increase in credit supply on economic growth Nigeria after controlling for quality legal system, size central bank asset, banking sector cost efficiency and insolvency risk. Design/methodology/approach The authors employ generalised method moments (GMM) regression methodology to estimate two measures Nigeria. Findings has a significant grow...

it is well-established that for a considerable period the united kingdom has spent proportionally less of its gross domestic product (gdp) on health-related services than almost any other comparable country. average european spending on health (as a % of gdp) in the period 1980 to 2013 has been 19% higher than the united kingdom, indicating that comparable countries give far greater fiscal prio...

This study compares the short- and long-term relationships between house prices bank credit in developed Emerging Market Economies. fact is an essential issue because most financing facilitated by credit. Using quarterly data from 22 six Economies panel autoregressive distributed lag model method, this found that real are prominent factor of Moreover, magnitude gross domestic product relationsh...

The gross effects of selenium and vitamin E deficiency on animal production and the potential benefits of supplementation are recognised, and the influence of these micronutrients on the resistance of animals to a variety of infections has also been reported. As a result, deficiencies could compromise the immune system and result in a decline in production and performance before gross effects b...

rapid economic growth and competition ability are the most important themes of the fourth development plan, without promotion and development of human capital and increasing labor productivity is not achieved and in this regard, education an important role is playing. this paper investigated the value added comparative advantages state and private education in khorasan region (including three k...