background: this study aimed to investigate dentists’ supply and practice patterns following the implementation of the global budget system in taiwan. materials and methods: data of reimbursement claims, municipal socioeconomic status and dental manpower were collected from the national health insurance administration, the ministry of internal affair, and the ministry of health and welfare, res...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE The decline in fertility rates and the increase in life expectancy have changed the demographic structure of many countries substantially and entail long-term economic implications too. Population aging has adverse effects on countries' economies, especially with respect to the social security system and the welfare structure. METHODS Given the importance of the phenome...

pepper plant capsicum annuum l. has great nutritional value and many pharmaceutical properties but its sensitivity to pests such as aphis gossypii glover, especially in drought stress conditions, has limited its production. to evaluate the effect of drought stress on the population and damage rate of this pest in greenhouse condition, four moisture treatments including; full irrigation, 15, 30 ...

Background and aims: Nowadays, the age structure of Iran is transitioning from youth to elderly. Although, the elderly population are still accounted for a small portion of the population; however, the population growth rate of this age group is growing compared to the growth of the total population. Therefore, understanding of the changes of this population is necessary. This study aimed to id...

Persistent low fertility rates lead to lower population growth rates and eventually also to decreasing population sizes in most industrialized countries. There are fears that this demographic development is associated with declines in per capita GDP and possibly also increasing inequality of the wage distribution. We investigate whether this is true in the context of neoclassical growth models,...

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) represents one of the most economically important fish species in the Caspian Sea. In this study, growth and mortality parameters among population of common carp was investigated. Sampling was carried out weekly, using beach seine in the south of the Caspian Sea from October 2006 to September 2007. As a contribution to elaborating management programs for common car...