BACKGROUND In the decade after 1983, the annual growth rate of drug expenditure was about four times as high as that of per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in Shanghai. In 1993 and 1994, a drug list policy and hospital revenue capping policy were introduced in Shanghai to contain drug expenditure. We studied the impact of these two policies, as a model for similar policies in other parts of...

The type strain Planococcus donghaensis JH1T is a psychrotolerant and halotolerant bacterium with starch-degrading ability. Here, we determine the carbon utilization profile of P. donghaensis JH1T and report the first complete genome of the strain. This study revealed the strain's ability to utilize pectin and d-galacturonic acid, and identified genes responsible for degradation of the polysacc...

English. This is particularly so in the early part of the book. When making a proposal, they often examine several possibilities which are all plausible in their framework. This should be welcomed by readers with only limited exposure to formal semantics. The authors address methodological issues at several points, since their main concern is the presentation of a fragment. Nevertheless, it wou...

The aggregate throughput of a wireless ad hoc network depends on the channel capacity, channel utilization (i.e., the fraction of channel capacity used for generating goodput), and the concurrent transmissions allowed in the network. While channel utilization is determined by MAC overhead, physical carrier sense has been used as an effective way to avoid interference and exploit spatial reuse. ...

Post-weaning heifer development systems that maximize reproductive efficiency and reduce input costs associated with feed is beneficial for cow/calf producers. Two research experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of post-weaning development systems in beef heifers. In Exp. 1 heifers were developed on corn residue (CR), or dry lot (DL). Heifers developed in DL had increased BW after wi...

It has been suggested that phenotypic plasticity is a major factor in the diversification of life, and that variation in host range in phytophagous insects is a good model for investigating this claim. We explore the use of angiosperm plants as hosts for nymphalid butterflies, and in particular the evidence for past oscillations in host range and how they are linked to host shifts and to divers...

purpose: to investigate the proportion and time trend of second-eye senile cataract surgery (secs) in a high-turnover academic center in iran. methods: in this cross-sectional study, samples were selected among all records of senile cataract surgery based on the international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision (icd-10) during four consecutive years...

Enterovirus type 70, an etiologic agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, may bind different cellular receptors depending on cell type. To understand how EV70-receptor interaction is controlled, we studied two variants of the virus with distinct receptor utilization. EV70-Rmk, derived by passage in rhesus monkey kidney cells, replicates poorly in HeLa cells and does not cause cytopathic effe...

The IEEE 802.16m based broadband wireless access is a brand-new technology to provide high speed and wide range communications for wireless users. However, how to exploit the optimal utilization of the radio frequency bands resource in such networks is a big challenging issue as it covers the radio channel capacity optimization, channel bandwidth utilization optimization and utilization perform...

The book written by seventeen experts in the field of rangeland management, this compilation of essays brings to light the latent issues concerning this subject to readers all over the globe. Though technical approaches can address some issues, social processes ultimately prevent the balancing of these matters. Socio-economic and political institutions are often a stumbling block for improving ...