The establishment of localized auxin gradients plays a central role in developmental patterning in plants. Auxin levels and responses have been shown to increase with temperature although developmental patterning is not affected. This suggests the existence of a homeostatic mechanism that ensures that patterning occurs normally over a range of temperatures. We recently described the cloning and...

Coordinated cell polarization and mitotic spindle orientation are thought to be important for epithelial morphogenesis. Whether spindle orientation is indeed linked to epithelial morphogenesis and how it is controlled at the molecular level is still unknown. Here, we show that the NuMA- and Galpha-binding protein LGN is required for directing spindle orientation during cystogenesis of MDCK cell...

The National Health Service (NHS) is the largest employer in the UK and since the late 1990s has gone through a period of unprecedented change in a wide range of areas from introduction of the NHS plan (Department of Health, 2000) designed to help the NHS meet the needs of patients and improve health outcomes; to the establishment of NHS Foundation Trusts in 2004 which have financial freedoms a...

Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) was developed as an intended key component for the evolving Internet, and in particular for the Integrated Services architecture. Therefore, RSVP performance is crucially important; yet this has been little studied up till now. In this paper, we target two of the most important aspects of RSVP: its ability to establish flows and its steady-state overhead. We...

Software architectures have played a significant role in determining the success of software systems. In this context, reference architectures have emerged as a special type of architecture that contains knowledge of a specific domain, aiming at improving reuse and productivity, facilitating the development of systems of that domain. Considering their relevance, the establishment of reference a...

stand establishment in crusting soil is one of the main concerns in the production of crops with delicate seedlings such as cotton, onions and rape seed. crust breaking, maintaining soil moisture and adding chemical and organic amendments to soil are different methods to weaken soil strength and allow the shoots to emerge. these methods are not always successful because they depend on factors s...

Mitotic spindle orientation is used to generate cell fate diversity and drive proper tissue morphogenesis. A complex of NuMA and dynein/dynactin is required for robust spindle orientation in a number of cell types. Previous research proposed that cortical dynein/dynactin was sufficient to generate forces on astral microtubules (MTs) to orient the spindle, with NuMA acting as a passive tether. I...