Controlled experiment has been used widely to support data driven decision making for on-line businesses. By applying appropriate randomization of the experiment units, causal inference can be established. The choice of the experiment unit for randomization can vary. User and page view are two mostly used units. Moreover, the analysis unit is sometimes different from the experiment unit. There ...

User space memory randomization techniques are an emerging field of cyber defensive technology which attempts to protect computing systems by randomizing the layout of memory. Quantitative metrics are needed to evaluate their effectiveness at securing systems against modern adversaries and to compare between randomization technologies. We introduce Effective Entropy, a measure of entropy in use...

The latest effective defense against code reuse attacks is fine-grained, per-process memory randomization. However, such process randomization prevents code sharing since there is no longer any identical code to share between processes. Without shared libraries, however, tremendous memory savings are forfeit. This drawback may hinder the adoption of fine-grained memory randomization. We present...

Using Randomization in Development Economics Research: A Toolkit* This paper is a practical guide (a toolkit) for researchers, students and practitioners wishing to introduce randomization as part of a research design in the field. It first covers the rationale for the use of randomization, as a solution to selection bias and a partial solution to publication biases. Second, it discusses variou...