Radon is being measured continuously in spring water and soil-gas at Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal in Himalayan region by using radon Emanometer since December 2002. An effort was made to correlate the variance of radon concentrations in spring water and soil-gas with meteorological parameters at the same location. The main meteorological parameters that affect the radon emanation from h...

Leaching of metals from cement under various environmental conditions was measured to evaluate their environmental safety. A cement product containing clinker, which was produced from cement kiln co-processing of hazardous wastes, was solidified and leaching of metals was characterized using the 8-period test. Concentrations and speciation of metals in cements were determined. Effects of ambien...

The objective of this paper is to establish a computationally efficient algorithm making use of the combination of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) and precipitation radar (PR) observations. To set up the TMI algorithm, the retrieval databases developed in Part I served as input for different inversion techniques: multistage regressions and neural networks as we...

We analyzed 40 year data sets of daily average visibility (a proxy for surface aerosol concentration) and hourly precipitation at seven weather stations, including three stations located on the Taihang Mountains, during the summertime in northern China. There was no significant trend in summertime total precipitation at almost all stations. However, light rain decreased, whereas heavy rain incr...

During rain storm events, land surface runoff and resuspension of bottom sediments cause an increase in Trihalomethane (THM) precursors in rivers. These precursors, when chlorinated at water treatment facilities will lead to the formation of THMs and hence impact drinking water resources. In order to evaluate the wet weather impact on the potential formation of THMs, river samples were collecte...

The design and performance of a rain fade simulation! counteraction system on a laboratory simulated 30/20 GHz, time division multiple access (IDMA) satellite communications testbed is evaluated. Severe rain attenuation of electromagnetic radiation at 30/20 GHz occurs due to the carrier wavelength approaching the water droplet size. Rain in the downlink path lowers the signal power present at t...

The constant demand for increased capacity of communication channels has led the SATCOM industry to develop new satellite systems operating at frequencies above 20 GHz where large bandwidths are available (EHF band – Extremely High Frequencies). Nevertheless, attenuation effects of atmospheric gases, clouds and rain can reach significant levels at these frequencies and it is no longer cost-effe...

The frequency distributions of surface rain rate are evaluated in the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) satellite observations and the NOAA/GFDL global atmosphere model version 2 (AM2). Instantaneous satellite rain-rate observations averaged over the 2.5° latitude 2° longitude model grid are shown to be representative of the half-hour rain ra...

[1] From March through early May of 2000, rain and bulk aerosol samples were collected at a coastal site on the eastern Mediterranean Sea at Erdemli, Turkey, and analyzed for nitrogen (N) species, including nitrate (NO3 ), nitrite (NO2 ), ammonium (NH4 ), watersoluble organic N, urea, and dissolved free amino acids. Other ions were also analyzed, including Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cl , and SO4 2 . Water-...