Rain drop size distributions (DSD) are measured with disdrometers at five different climatic locations in the Indian tropical region. The distribution of drop size is assumed to be lognormal to model the rain attenuation in the frequency range of 10–100 GHz. The rain attenuation is estimated assuming single scattering of spherical rain drops. Different attenuation characteristics are observed f...

Rain clusters are mesoscale disaster weather systems, and some of rain clusters have spiral structures. In this paper, a theoretical model of spiral rain cluster is established under pseudo-adiabatic approximation, and its horizontal structure equation is obtained. The study shows that the horizontal structure with spiral arm rain clusters has the following characteristics: at locations close e...

The occurrences of precipitation, also commonly referred as rain, in the form of "convective" and "stratiform" have been identified to exist worldwide. In this study, the radar return echoes or known as reflectivity values acquired from radar scans have been exploited in the process of classifying the type of rain endured. The investigation use radar data from Malaysian Meteorology Department (...

Satellite beacon is a signal which does not modulated and sent to ground in constant frequency with specific designed power. Beacon signals are used by station antenna users track the satellite easily. The operators generally choose at Ku Band band since this more resistant rain attenuation. system performance describe contribute of rainfall rate This paper includes comparison attenuation takin...

Summary Four species of Rinorea are described as new to science; all four endemic evergreen rain forest in Cameroon. villiersii Achound. and R. amietii Achound placed [unranked] Crassiflorae M.Brandt, while, dewildei faurei fall Dentatae Engl. The first appears be the Solé Forest Reserve northeast Yabassi Littoral Region. second third found mainly South Regions, extending West Region Central fo...

A cut-off low is a closed with value of geopotential height at the upper atmospheric levels that has been fully detached (cut-off) from westerly flow and move independently. causes extreme rainfall events in mid-latitudes regions. The main aim this paper to investigate 500 hPa over Iraq synoptic point view behavior hPa. To examine association across Iraq, two case studies heavy different times ...

Rain rate and rain attenuation predictions are one of the vital steps to be considered when analyzing a microwave satellite communication links at the Ku and Ka bands. In this paper, tools for the prediction of rain rate and rain attenuation are presented in the form of contour maps for Nigeria using a massive rainfall data bank of 30 years which are taken from measurements made from the coast ...

Rain removal from a video is a challenging problem and has been recently investigated extensively. Nevertheless, the problem of rain removal from a single image was rarely studied in the literature, where no temporal information among successive images can be exploited, making the problem very challenging. In this paper, we propose a single-imagebased rain removal framework via properly formula...

This effort continues a study of the effects of rain, over the oceans, on the signal retrieved by the SeaWinds scatterometer. It is determined that the backscatter radar cross section can be used to estimate the volumetric rain rate, averaged horizontally, across the surface resolution cells of the scatterometer. The dual polarization of the radar has a key role in developing this capability. T...

This paper presents a method to estimate optical flow under rainy scenes. Optical flow estimation in the rainy scenes is considered challenging due to background degradation introduced by rain streaks and rain accumulation effects in the scene. Rain accumulation effect refers to poor visibility of remote object due to the intense rainfall. Most existing optical flow methods are erroneous when a...