Using Reinforcement Learning (RL) in simulation to construct policies useful in real life is challenging. This is often attributed to the sequential decision making aspect: inaccuracies in simulation accumulate over multiple steps, hence the simulated trajectories diverge from what would happen in reality. In our work we show the need to consider another important aspect: the mismatch in simula...

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) consists of nding the length of the shortest closed tour visiting N \cities." We consider the Euclidean TSP where the cities are distributed randomly and independently in a d-dimensional unit hypercube. Working with periodic boundary conditions and inspired by a remarkable universality in the kth nearest neighbor distribution, we nd for the average optimum t...

To determine the epidemiological, clinical and pathological factors that can potentially predict extracapsular extension of prostate cancer in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for clinically localized disease. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients who undergone radical prostatectomy from January 2001 until November 2010. Patients age, prostate volume, PSA, PSA den...

To evaluate methods used to document changes in airway function during and after exercise, we studied nine subjects with exercise-induced asthma and five subjects without asthma. Airway function was assessed from measurements of pulmonary resistance (RL) and forced expiratory vital capacity maneuvers. In the asthmatic subjects, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) fell 24 +/- 14% and RL incre...

BACKGROUND Retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RL) is a relatively rare tumor and is usually found at the advanced stage. Chemotherapy or radiotherapy for this tumor is not yet defined, and if operable, surgery is the treatment of choice. Complete resection of tumor with wide margins including excision of other organs has been recommended. However, many patients suffer from deterioration of the qualit...

Complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding a long form of prolactin receptor (PRL-RL) was cloned from mouse mammary gland by PCR using primers designed from the noncoding regions of previously reported rat ovarian PRL-RL cDNA. The nucleotide sequence encoding the extracellular and transmembrane domains of PRL-RL is completely identical to that of short forms of mouse PRL-R. The amino acid sequence deduc...

 constriction and staining properties by aceto-iron-hematoxylin were analyzed for Prunus species of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), plum (P. cerasifera Ehrh.) and a natural new hybrid known as “TANASGOL” (P. cerasifera × P. spp.). The obtained root tips from germinated seeds at 4–6 °C and young seedlings were pretreated in hydroxyquinoline solution with 50 drops of DMSO. All species had 2n=2x=16...

Pulmonary arterial tree structures related to blood flow heterogeneity were simulated by using a symmetrical, bifurcating model in three-dimensional space. The branch angle (Theta), daughter-parent length ratio (rL), branch rotation angle (phi), and branch fraction of parent flow (gamma) for a single bifurcation were defined and repeated sequentially through 11 generations. With phi fixed at 90...

The rising support for radical parties in Europe has triggered a new interest the political sociology of voting and how voters with socio-economic insecurity are moving away from establishment politics. In this article, we apply Standing’s concept ‘precarity’ to capture among ordinary thereby expand individual explanations behind vote populist right (RPR) left (RL) parties. We develop multidime...

OBJECTIVES The stage and grade shift of currently diagnosed prostate cancer has led to a diminished prognostic power of the Gleason score system. We investigated the predictive value of the amount of high-grade cancer (Gleason growth patterns 4/5) in the biopsy for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and clinical relapse after radical prostatectomy. METHODS PSA-tested participants (N=281) of the ...