In keeping with the increasing utilization of CT examinations, the greater concern about radiation hazards from examinations has been addressed. In this regard, CT radiation dose optimization has been given a great deal of attention by radiologists, referring physicians, technologists, and physicists. Dose-saving strategies are continuously evolving in terms of imaging techniques as well as dos...

Although ionizing radiation can apparently induce neoplasms of virtually all types, the relation between tumor incidence and dose varies, depending on the type of neoplasm, constitution of the host, conditions of irradiation, and other variables. Owing to statistical limitations, however, the existing data fail to provide an unambiguous picture of the dose-response relation for any form of canc...

This paper is concerned with the approach followed in Western Australian for dealing with the environmental hazards of ionising radiation associated with the mining and processing of titaniferous minerals contained in mineral sands deposits. There is a growing public awareness of the risks posed by one of these minerals, monazite, which emits low levels of radiation as it contains thorium and u...

Radon is a naturally occurring tasteless, odourless gas. It is found everywhere, usually at negligible concentrations. It can enter buildings from porous soil and rock and usually dissipates harmlessly into the atmosphere (1). However, in enclosed spaces, such as houses, it can accumulate and pose health hazards, specifically an increased risk of lung cancer (2,3). On average radon contributes ...

@ Neutron and gamma radiation levels around a Cockcroft-Walton neutron generator producing 14-Mev neutrons at an approximate rate of 1010 neutrons per second were measured under conditions typical of those required for activation analysis. Neutron flux reduction to acceptable levels for limited operation was accomplished by 12 feet of distance that included shielding consisting of 27 inches of ...

Patients recently treated with radioactive isotopes may present problems or even hazards during physical examination, operation or autopsy, especially following the use of iodine isotopes and 198Au. 32P is rarely a significant hazard. Contamination of victims of radiation accidents may be a problem initially, but they are usually promptly decontaminated. Guidance of the hospital's radiation saf...

Exposure of living organisms to ionizing radiation can cause health hazards and radioprotectors are employed to minimize such unwanted effects. Over the years a number of sulfhydryl compounds have been examined for radioprotection and only one agent, amifostine, is approved in the clinic. Selenium, a higher analogue of sulfur, is a micronutrient and a constituent of redox enzymes like glutathio...

PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to identify the radiation hazards to vascular surgeons and scrub nurses working in mobile fluoroscopy equipped hybrid vascular operation rooms; additionally, to estimate cumulative cancer risk due to certain exposure dosages. METHODS The study was conducted prospectively in 71 patients (53 men and 18 women) who had undergone vascular intervention at ou...