The racial-ethnic identity plays a vital role in being able to identify an individual’s self-identity. ethnic-racial develops stages according our developmental stages. A study on specific play choices of dolls revealed that infants had developed their ERI from very young age. Besides, during early childhood, parents important the development by intuitively conveying native ethnocentric cultura...

Racial and ethnic socialization are important protective factors for minority children. In this study we investigated socialization in preschool-aged, African American, Latino, and biracial children. We believed that socialization would be a protective factor against child somatic complaints, pervasive developmental problems, and affective disorder. Also, we believed there was a protective/prot...

The study examines national pride among youths between the ages of 20-25 years old in Malaysia and determines whether national pride varies by orientation in self-identification (more in nationality or racial identity terms) and language use in interracial communication with peers. The responses of 375 Malays, 238 Chinese and 77 Indian youths were analyzed. It was found that: (i) Malay and Chin...

Abstract This article analyzes the relationship of racial discrimination on identity and critical consciousness 1369 African Afro-descendant respondents to first nationwide survey conducted in Spain 2020. The not only showed scope experiences based skin color but has also opened way for testing whether these end up affecting black people, Africans, or Afro-descendants, questions included reject...

The current study explored the relation of ethnic identity achievement and career development progress among a sample of 2,432 first year college students who completed the Career Decision Profile (CDP; Jones, 1989) and Phinney’s (1992) Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure. Among students of color, correlational analyses revealed a series of statistically significant, but small correlations betwe...

Psychological threat experienced by students of negatively stereotyped groups impairs test performance. However, stereotype boost can also occur if a positively stereotyped identity is made salient. Biracial individuals, whose racial identities may be associated with both negative and positive testing abilities, have not been examined in this context. Sixty-four biracial Black-White individuals...