7. Playford EG, Craig JC, Iredell JR. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in intensive care unit patients: risk factors for acquisition, infection and their consequences. J Hosp Infect 2007;65:204–211. 8. Kopterides P, Koletsi PK, Michalopoulos A, Falagas ME. Exposure to quinolones is associated with carbapenem resistance among colistin-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii blood isolate...

The essential oil of Helichrysum italicum significantly reduces the multidrug resistance of Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Combinations of the two most active fractions of the essential oil with each other or with phenylalanine arginine beta-naphthylamide yield synergistic activity. Geraniol, a component of one fraction, significan...

Spontaneous quinolone-resistant mutants obtained from Salmonella typhimurium Su694 were screened for mutations by direct DNA sequencing of an amplified PCR gyrA fragment. Substitutions Ser-83-->Phe (Ser83Phe), Ser83Tyr, Asp87Tyr, and Asp87Asn and double mutation Ala67Pro-Gly81Ser, which resulted in decreased sensitivities to ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, pefloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and nalid...

AIMS The susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from specimens submitted to 12 private laboratories in South Africa were determined. METHODS Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations were performed on the isolates in the microbiology laboratory at Tygerberg Hospi...

Escherichia coli resistance to quinolones has now become a serious issue in large-scale pig farms of China. It is necessary to study the dynamics of quinolone resistance in fecal Escherichia coli of pigs after antimicrobial administration. Here, we present the hypothesis that the emergence of resistance in pigs requires drug accumulation for 7 days or more. To test this hypothesis, 26 pigs (90 ...

BACKGROUND Inappropriate use of antibiotics in swine feed could cause accelerated emergence of antibiotic resistance genes, and agricultural application of swine waste could spread antibiotic resistance genes to the surrounding environment. OBJECTIVES We investigated the distribution of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes from swine feedlots and their surrounding environment. ...

In 1948 John Woodward successfully used chloramphenicol to treat patients with typhoid fever (TF )[1]. After this accomplishment, the first choice for the therapy of TF was chloramphenicol until the 1970s, when the first outbreaks of infection by antibiotic-resistant bacteria appeared. The loss of sensitivity by Salmonella typhi to the antibiotics used for the treatment of typhoid fever was not...

Transport of new quinolone antibacterial agents (quinolones) at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was studied in vitro by using immortalized rat brain capillary endothelial cells RBEC1, and in vivo by using the brain perfusion method in rats and multidrug-resistant mdr1a/1b gene-deficient mice. The permeability coefficient of grepafloxacin measured by brain perfusion was increased by an excess of u...

Xanthomonas albilineans produces a family of polyketide-peptide compounds called albicidins which are highly potent antibiotics and phytotoxins as a result of their inhibition of prokaryotic DNA replication. Here we show that albicidin is a potent inhibitor of the supercoiling activity of bacterial and plant DNA gyrases, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (40 to 50 nM) less than those of most c...

originated (data not shown), one would perhaps expect to see mutations being lost or gained within the genes potentially affecting quinolone susceptibility. The stability of mutations in genes known to be associated with fluoroquinolone resistance, and the stable MIC values in clonally related MRSA isolates over time, have important implications for quinolone resistance in S. aureus. From this ...