Antimicrobial chemicals are widely applied in the food processing industry. In attention to extent uses of disinfectants, it is necessary to evaluate and certificate the efficacy of disinfectants and employing the minimum effective dosages. In this research the antibacterial influences of a common disinfectant solution used in food industry, benzalkonium chloride that is a quaternary ammonium c...

Small organic molecules, like quaternary ammonium compounds, have long been used to probe both the permeation and gating of voltage-dependent K+ channels. For most K+ channels, intracellularly applied quaternary ammonium (QA) compounds such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) and decyltriethylammonium (C10) behave primarily as open channel blockers: they can enter the channel only when it is open, and ...

Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 contains six putative quaternary ammonium transporters (Qat), of the ABC family. Qat6 was strongly induced by hyperosmosis although the solute transported was not identified. All six systems were induced by the quaternary amines choline and glycine betaine. It was confirmed by microarray analysis of the genome that pRL100079-83 (qat6) is the most strongly...

BACKGROUND Endocavity ultrasound is seen as a harmless procedure and has become a common gynaecological procedure. However without correct disinfection, it may result in nosocomial transmission of genito-urinary pathogens, such as high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV). We aimed to evaluate the currently recommended disinfection procedure for covered endocavity ultrasound probes, which consist...

The food-borne pathogen Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is often found in food production environments. Thus, controlling the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in food production is a great challenge for food safety. Among a great diversity of L. monocytogenes strains from food production, particularly strains belonging to sequence type (ST)121 are prevalent. The molecular reasons for the abundance of...

A new category of amphiphilic hydrolyzable quaternary ammonium compounds with rapid and high levels of antimicrobial activity was studied. The compounds, alkanoylcholines with hydrocarbon chains of 10 to 14 carbon atoms, are hydrolyzed by butyrylcholine esterase, which is present in human serum and mucosal membranes. The hydrolysis products are common components of human metabolism. Alkanoylcho...

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the means of controlling it, continue to be of major interest to the healthcare community. The bactericidal activity of some disinfectants which are in common use in seven major tertiary care hospitals in Riyadh was tested against two control strains of S. aureus, namely MRSA ATCC 33591 and Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)...

Leucothrix mucor Oersted, the primary cause of filamentous gill disease in cultured shrimp, was treated with algicides and surfactants by a serial dilution method. It was found to be highly sensitive to those algicides containing quaternary ammonium compounds. Copper-containing compounds and Formalin were less effective, whereas potassium permanganate and two surfactants, Dreft and Alconox, wer...

A dianionic Ireland-Claisen rearrangement of chiral, nonracemic α-methyl-β-hydroxy allylic esters has been developed that proceeds with high diastereoselectivity and provides products containing three contiguous stereogenic carbons, including a quaternary center. The potential utility of the rearrangement for complex molecule synthesis is also demonstrated.

Depending on the spacing of their positive charges, ionenes, a class of quaternary ammonium polymers, increased the interferon-inducing activity of poly(inosinic acid).poly(cytidylic acid) in mouse L-929 cells, whereas they did not enhance poly(inosinic acid).poly(cytidylic acid) induced interferon production in primary rabbit kidney and human skin fibrolast cells.