In VLSI physical design, a good placement of logic blocks along with the inputoutput blocks around the boundary of the chip can ensure good quality routing of the nets. Even after proper placement of the logic blocks, a random positioning of input-output blocks can result in inefficient and bad quality routing. Here we propose a placement algorithm GENERATE_PAD_FRAME for input-output blocks, fr...

this study investigated the effectiveness of individual and collaborative outputbasedfocus-on-form instructional tasks on the acquisition of english inversionstructures by efl learners. moreover, it explored the developmental trend oflearners’ inversion acquisition. to this end, 60 homogeneous efl learners wereassigned to individual and collaborative output groups. they were exposed to textsenc...

We present, for the first time to our knowledge, an explicit experimental comparison of beam quality in conventional and confined-gain multimode fiber lasers. In the conventional fiber laser, beam quality degrades with increasing output power. In the confined-gain fiber laser, the beam quality is good and does not degrade with output power. Gain filtering of higher-order modes in 28microm diame...

Conventional random number generators provide the speed but not necessarily the high quality output streams needed for large-scale stochastic simulations. Cryptographically-based generators, on the other hand, provide superior quality output but are often deemed too slow to be practical for use in large simulations. We combine these two approaches to construct a family of hybrid generators that...

How to improve the quality of output beam of phase conjugation cavity is a problem. In this paper, the output characteristic of compound phase-conjugate resonator with stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) cell was reported. The experimental results indicated it has high output energy and excellent stability. The output energy of the single pulse can reach 90 mJ, and the width of it is about 25...

investment casting is a versatile manufacturing process to produce high quality parts with high dimensional accuracy. the process begins with the manufacture of wax patterns. the dimensional accuracy of the model affects the quality of the finished part. the present study investigated the control and optimization of dimensional deviations in wax patterns. a mold for an h-shaped wax pattern was ...

This study compared the preferences of 12 subjects with mild-to-moderate hearing losses for a linear circuit when the type of output limitation could be changed between asymmetrical peak clipping and output limiting compression. Through a paired-comparison paradigm, subjects rated the sound quality and clarity of speech in quiet, speech in noise, and music when the output levels were well below...

BACKGROUND Systematic assessment of recent health research output from India, and its relation with the estimated disease burden, is not available. This information would help understand the areas in health research that need improvement in India to enhance the health of India's population. METHODS The health research output from India during 2002, which was accessible in the public domain, w...