During embryonic development, and before functional innervation, a highly stereotypic pattern of slow- and fast-contracting primary muscle fibers is established within individual muscles of the limbs, from distinct populations of myoblasts. A difference between the fiber-type pattern found within chicken and quail pectoral muscles was exploited to investigate the contributions of somite-derived...

It is currently accepted that stem cells of the definitive blood cell lines originate from the yolk-sac blood islands. Experiments were devised to examine the validity of this theory in the avian embryo. These involved grafting two-day-old quail embryos on to chick yolk-sacs of comparable developmental stages, i.e. before or shortly after the establishment of vascularization. The conclusions of...

The objectives of this experiment were to study the effects of different environmental temperatures during the rearing phase on the heat tolerance and behavioral responses of two Japanese quail lines to heat stress. A total of 192 chicks from two lines were randomly distributed between eight brooding cages. Each line was divided into 4 treatments. Each treatment was different in experimental pe...

The Japanese quail belongs to the order Galformes, family Phasidae, genus Coturnix and species japonica. Several aspects account for the utility of this bird. First, it has attained economic importance as an agricultural species producing eggs and meat that are enjoyed for their unique flavor. Egg production is important in Japan and Southeast Asia, while meat is the main product in Europe. Sec...

To investigate the effect of hypothyroidism on gonadal and adrenal functions in male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), hypothyroidism was induced in male adult Japanese quail by daily administration of 2-Mercapto-1-methylimidazole (methimazole) in their drinking water. Four weeks after methimazole treatment, the Japanese quail were sacrificed, and the plasma concentrations of free triiodothyr...

It is currently accepted that stem cells of the definitive blood cell lines originate from the yolk-sac blood islands. Experiments were devised to examine the validity of this theory in the avian embryo. These involved grafting two-day-old quail embryos on to chick yolk-sacs of comparable developmental stages, i.e. before or shortly after the establishment of vascularization. The conclusions of...

brachiocephalic arteries in quails are large arteries which are arising separately from the aortic arch. the aim of the present study was to determine the histomorphometric aspects of brachiocephalic arteries in the japanese quail. the different layers of the brachiocephalic artery were studied quantitatively in 10, 20 and 60 days-old japanese quail; (n = 6) and both sexes. luminal diameter, th...

Following our previous paper, we exammed the effects on the heme synthesis in quail yolk sac cells of polar compounds, other than dimethyl sulfoxide. that induce erythroid cell differentiation in cultured Friend leukemia cells. Dissociated yolk sac cells from quail embryos at the definitive primitive streak stage were cultured in a gyratory shaker in a medium containing dimethyl sulfoxide or ot...

Following our previous paper, we exammed the effects on the heme synthesis in quail yolk sac cells of polar compounds, other than dimethyl sulfoxide. that induce erythroid cell differentiation in cultured Friend leukemia cells. Dissociated yolk sac cells from quail embryos at the definitive primitive streak stage were cultured in a gyratory shaker in a medium containing dimethyl sulfoxide or ot...

Sergio Boixo, Sergei V. Isakov, Vadim N. Smelyanskiy, Ryan Babbush, Nan Ding, Zhang Jiang, 4 John M. Martinis, 6 and Hartmut Neven Google Inc., Venice, CA 90291, USA Google Inc., 8002 Zurich, Switzerland QuAIL, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA SGT Inc., 7701 Greenbelt Rd., Suite 400, Greenbelt, MD 20770 Google Inc., Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA Department of Physics, Univ...