the family of najaf ali isfahani were unique in safawid and qajar periods. no family has played a more prominent role in the painting of court life as more as najaf ali’s family. najaf ali in recognition of his work in lacquer painting was foremost among the lacquer painters. under afsharid and  zand  periods, lacquer works further developed and ali ashraf was one of prominent painters in this ...

the present research with an emphasis on coffee houses at qajar age has recognized motives and effect of social and political factors such as conditional event in formation of art traditions in coffee house so as to examine the communication function of coffee house painting at this space. coffee house at qajar age has been found as a place for people’s gathering which had communicative-cultura...

Abstrak
 Nashiruddin Shah merupakan penguasa keempat dari Dinasti Qajar yang memerintah Persia (sekarang Iran) selama 48 tahun yakni 1848 hingga 1896. Melalui metode penelitian sejarah dengan langkah-langkahnya heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan penyajian berbentuk historiografi, ini berusaha mengungkap peristiwa-peristiwa penting terjadi di dalam rentang waktu kekuasaannya 1857. Hasil r...

According to Paul Otlet, in order to face the worldwide interdependence which was evidenced in the First World War, we need an international center for the storage and dissemination of knowledge: The Mundaneum (1928). To study this utopian project is to study how positivism, centralism, and monumentalism have determined Otlet’s international perspective. His project of a colossal Bibliopolis co...