Abstract The eruption of the Tambora volcano in 1815 was initiated by two precursory Plinian falls and formed generations pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposits. In this study, we found slight changes phenocrysts (modal mineralogy, content, size), bulk-rock feldspar microlite chemical compositions, bubble number densities through stratigraphic position. fall units are characterized a lower ...

OBJECTIVES In July 1995 the Soufriere Hills volcano on the island of Montserrat began to erupt. Preliminary reports showed that the ash contained a substantial respirable component and a large percentage of the toxic silica polymorph, cristobalite. In this study the cytotoxicity of three respirable Montserrat volcanic ash (MVA) samples was investigated: M1 from a single explosive event, M2 accu...

tuffs do not result from pyroclastic flow and hence are not true pyroclastic flow deposits. They do not explain the processes they envision, but in this situation pyroclastic emplacement without some form of lateral flow is clearly impossible, even in near-vent locations. 18. M. J. Branney and R. S. J. Sparks, J. Geol. Soc. London 147, 919 (1990). 19. For example, halloysite, smectites, sericit...

Basaltic pyroclastic volcanism takes place over a range of scales and styles, from weak discrete Strombolian explosions (!10–10 kg s) to Plinian eruptions of moderate intensity (10–10 kg s). Recent well-documented historical eruptions from Etna, Kı̄lauea and Stromboli typify this diversity. Etna is Europe’s largest and most voluminously productive volcano with an extraordinary level and diversit...

medication errors (mes) are the most common error in icus. in fact, 78% of all serious errors in icus are due to mes. therefore, detecting mes has vital significance. the goal of this study was to investigate the frequency, type and consequences of different types of errors including prescribing, transcribing and administration errors in an icu of a large teaching hospital. disguised direct obs...

Geological structures in the Bukit Gadang geothermal area have been identified using geomagnetic method to determine type of fault. Data was measured a magnetometer with dimensions 1200 m × consisting 144 points at 12 tracks, and spacing between 100 m. Magnetic anomaly data performed diurnal IGRF (International Geomagnetic Reference Field) corrections. Furthermore, reduced poles continuous upwa...

Titanium oxynitrides (Ti(N,O,C)) are abundant in xenolithic corundum aggregates pyroclastic ejecta of Cretaceous volcanoes on Mount Carmel, northern Israel. Petrographic observations indicate that most these nitrides existed as melts, immiscible with coexisting silicate and Fe-Ti-C silicide melts; some may also have crystallized directly from the melts. The TiN phase shows a wide range solid so...