Neuropeptide Y (NPY) injected into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) stimulates feeding and decreases uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 mRNA in brown adipose tissue (BAT). The present studies were undertaken to determine whether UCP-2 in white adipose tissue (WAT) and UCP-3 in muscle are regulated by NPY in the PVN. PVN-cannulated male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with either saline ...

Tumor growth is not solely a consequence of autonomous tumor cell properties. Rather, tumor cells act upon and are acted upon by their microenvironment. It is tumor tissue biology that ultimately determines tumor growth. Thus, we developed a compound library screen for agents that could block essential tumor-promoting effects of the glioblastoma (GBM) perivascular stem cell niche (PVN). We mode...

42 We have previously shown that ATP within the PVN induces an increase in sympathetic activity; 43 an effect attenuated by the antagonism of P2 and/or glutamatergic receptors. Here, we evaluated 44 precise cellular mechanisms underlying the ATP-glutamate interaction in the PVN, and assessed 45 whether this receptor coupling contributed to osmotically-driven sympathetic PVN neuronal 46 activity...

ACTH and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) are both consecutively processed from proopiomelanocortin (POMC), which is synthesized in hypothalamic arcuate neurons innervating the paraventricular nuclei (PVN). POMC secretion/synthesis is regulated by energy availability. ACTH and alpha-MSH bind with equal affinity to melanocortin-4 receptors and elicit similar effects on signal tra...

Increased sympathetic outflow contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension. However, the mechanisms of increased sympathetic drive in hypertension remain unclear. We examined the tonic GABAergic inhibition in control of the excitability of paraventricular (PVN) presympathetic neurons in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive controls, including Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Wistar-...

Neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) are important in regulating autonomic function through projections to the brain stem and spinal cord. Although the vanilloid receptors (VR(1)) are present in the PVN, their physiological function is scarcely known. In this study, we determined the role of VR(1) receptors in the regulation of synaptic inputs and the excitability of spinally projecting...

BACKGROUND AND AIM Intermedin (IMD) is a member of calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family together with adrenomedullin (AM) and amylin. It has a wide distribution in the central nervous system (CNS) especially in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) is enhanced in chronic heart failure (CHF) rats. The aim of this study is to de...

Considerable evidence supports a role for brainstem adrenergic and noradrenergic inputs to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) cells of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), in the control of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis function. However, little is known about specific adrenoceptor (ADR) subtypes in CRH-containing cells of the PVN. Here we demonstrate, using dua...

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of an acute versus a chronic immobilization stress on the genetic expression of c- fos and corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptor (CRF1receptor) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the rat hypothalamus. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to either a single 90-min immobilization stress or the same session for 11 consecutive days....

Hypertension is a common outcome associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a prevalent yet poorly treated cardiovascular disease. Recent studies showed oxytocin (OXT), released from hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons, activates cardiac vagal neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNX) and may blunt cardiovascular responses to stress. This study tests whether the...