Photovoltaic (PV) modules are generally considered to be the most reliable components of PV systems. The module has a high probability being able perform adequately for 30 years under typical operating conditions. In order evaluate long-term performance diversified terrestrial conditions, outdoor-performance data should used. However, this requires wait 25 determine reliability, which is highly...

This paper proposes a voltage-based hot-spot detection method for photovoltaic (PV) string using the projector. Hot-spots form in solar cells at defects causing a high carrier recombination rate, it appears as a high reverse leakage current of p-n junctions when solar cells are partially shadowed. Using this characteristic, authors previously developed a voltage-based hot-spot detection method ...

Thin film CdTe and CuInSe2 based solar cells have reported efficiencies of over 15% and 17% respectively for small area laboratory devices and over 10% for prototype modules. In the present article, an approach to translate laboratory results to the development of large scale module manufacturing facilities is discussed, and critical issues associated with the development of CuInSe2 and CdTe th...

A novel "photovoltaics (PV) + electrolyzer" concept is presented using a simple, small, and completely stand-alone non-biased device for solar-driven overall water splitting. Three or four spherical-shaped p-n junction silicon balls were successfully connected in series, named "SPHELAR." SPHELAR possessed small projected areas of 0.20 (3PVs) and 0.26 cm(2) (4PVs) and exhibited working voltages ...

In this paper a new maximum power point tracking algorithm for photovoltaic arrays is proposed. The algorithm detects the maximum power point of the PV. The computed maximum power is used as a reference value (set point) of the control system. ON/OFF power controller with hysteresis band is used to control the operation of a Buck chopper such that the PV module always operates at its maximum po...

It is a well-documented fact that partial shading of a photovoltaic array reduces it output power capability. However, the relative amount of such degradation in energy production cannot be determined in a straight forward manner, as it is often not proportional to the shaded area. This paper clarifies the mechanism of partial PV shading on a number of PV cells connected in series and/or parall...

Systems that convert the sunlight into electrical energy like photovoltaics (PV) have been becoming widespread worldwide. The prospect of using the promising technology of wireless sensor networks (WSN) in the field of PV plant supervising and monitoring is studied here. The knowledge of the status and good working condition of each PV module separately as well as of any PV system component wil...

a new intelligent photovoltaic (PV) panel structure to extract the maximum power in mismatch irradiance is proposed. In conventional structures, difference of irradiance between series panels can cause the deviation of maximum power point. In this condition tracking MPP becomes difficult and reduces efficiency. Improvements in power electronics and its effects in PV industrial technology, devel...

Vitality proficient, expense sparing inhabitance, planning and more regularity control the passive shading of interior lighting, a creative reasonable configuration methodology of rooftop solar PV module structure outline is presented here. This paper is centered to build up the utilization of inactive sun oriented shading systems for sunshine inside lighting to create a high visual level by co...

To sustain the commercial success of photovoltaic (PV) technology it is vital to know how power output decreases with time. Unfortunately, it can take years to accurately measure the long-term degradation of new products, but past experience on older products can provide a basis for prediction of degradation rates of new products. An extensive search resulted in more than 2000 reported degradat...