Several approaches have been developed to estimate both the relative and absolute rates of speciation and extinction within clades based on molecular phylogenetic reconstructions of evolutionary relationships, according to an underlying model of diversification. However, the macroevolutionary models established for eukaryotes have scarcely been used with prokaryotes. We have investigated the ra...

The stationary distribution of a sample taken from a Wright-Fisher diffusion with general small mutation rates is found using a coalescent approach. The approximation is equivalent to having at most one mutation in the coalescent tree to the first order in the rates. The approach is different from Burden and Tang (2016, 2017) who use a probability flux argument to obtain the same results from a...

A pure birth stochastic process with several initial conditions is considered. We analyze multiplicity distributions of e+e− collisions and e-p collisions, usig the Modified Negative Binomial Distribution (MNBD) and the Laguerre-type distribution. Several multiplicity distributions show the same minimum χ2’s values in analyses by means of two formulas: In these cases, we find that a parameter N...

Alpine and Damascus goats were crossbred in a private goat farm established Adana that engaged raising order to develop genotype will give more milk the hot humid climate summer of Çukurova region. In this study, growth characteristics between birth weaning kids compared with kids. The animal material for study consisted 136 head pure 32 as well their fed dams' (average 0.70 litre / day) first ...

objective: childbirth is one of the most vulnerable moments and the most important and memorable events in the lives of women that despite of bringing happiness, it can be associated with psychological trauma and endanger the mother and neonate health. mothers' perception of the psychological birth trauma is a highly subjective process that depends on the cultural, social and biological conditi...