Growth in health care expenditures slowed to 9.1 percent in 1984, the smallest increase in expenditures in 19 years. Economic forces and emerging structural changes within the health sector played a role in slowing growth. Of the $1,580 per person spent for health care in 1984, 41 percent was financed by public programs; 31 percent by private health insurance; and the remainder by other private...

I n France, as in the majority of European countries, pharmaceutical expenditures are continuously increasing. Between 2005 and 2010, expenditures rose by 12.3%, increasing from 30.7 to 34.4 billion Euros1. This regular increase in pharmaceutical spending prompted the public authorities to implement a series of measures aimed at either reducing the use of drugs or reducing its cost. Increasing ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of postpartum depression with health services expenditures among employed women. METHODS Women, aged 18 years and older, were recruited from three community hospitals in Minnesota while hospitalized for childbirth in 2001. Using Andersen's Behavioral Model, we regressed the natural log of the price-weighted sum of self-reported health services used fro...

In 1976, for the second fiscal year in a row, public expenditures for social welfare purposes expanded at an abnormally high rate. Even after adjusting the 16-percent increase in aggregate expenditures for price and population changes, the 8-percent real growth rate proves to be the highest since 1971. The $45 billion rise in social welfare expenditures to a total of $331 billion reflects the e...

While budgets for agri-environmental policy in OECD countries are rapidly increasing with current policy reforms, information about the locally varying demands for policies implemented at various levels of government remains scarce. In this study, a median voter framework is used to analyse the demand for landscape management services based on the expenditures of sub-federal governments for two...

Ð This paper analyzes public spending on education in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia over recent years, with a particular focus upon primary schooling. It identi®es regional expenditure trends since 1980, and provides more detailed comparative data for selected countries during 1990±95. It shows that the achievement of high enrollment ratios has been associated not only with high priority be...

Properties of an average voting rule the outcome being some weighted average of votes are investigated, with particular attention to its ability to protect minorities. The unique average voting outcome is characterized with a median formula which depends on the voters’ preferred allocations and some parameters constructed from the voters’ weights. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions ...

amount of total expenditures is reduced to an amount per inhabitant. Interyear and interstate variations in the total outlay for assistance payments depend upon differences between years and among States in the average monthly assistance payments per recipient, the proportion of the population aided (recipient rates), and the size of the total population. In analyzing variations in assistance e...