We investigate the species discriminatory power of a subset of the proposed plant barcoding loci (matK, rbcL, rpoC1, rpoB, trnH-psbA) in Carex, a cosmopolitan genus that represents one of the three largest plant genera on earth (c. 2000 species). To assess the ability of barcoding loci to resolve Carex species, we focused our sampling on three of the taxonomically best-known groups in the genus...

Harmful algal blooms occur all over the world, destroying aquatic ecosystems and threatening other organisms. The culture supernatant of the marine algicidal actinomycete BS01 was able to lysis dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense ATGD98-006. Physiological and biochemical responses to oxidative stress in A. tamarense were investigated to elucidate the mechanism involved in BS01 inhibition of alg...

The most widely distributed dinoflagellate plastid contains chlorophyll c(2) and peridinin as the major carotenoid. A second plastid type, found in taxa such as Karlodinium micrum and Karenia spp., contains chlorophylls c(1) + c(2) and 19'-hexanoyloxy-fucoxanthin and/or 19'-butanoyloxy-fucoxanthin but lacks peridinin. Because the presence of chlorophylls c(1) + c(2) and fucoxanthin is typical o...

Selective inhibition of gene expression by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) is widely applied in gene function analyses; however, experiments with ODNs in plants are scarce. In this work, we extend the use of ODNs in different plant species, optimizing the uptake, stability, and efficiency of ODNs with a combination of molecular biological and biophysical techniques to transiently inhibit...

Since the pre-historic era, humans have been using forests as a food, drugs and handcraft reservoir. Today, the use of botanical raw material to produce pharmaceuticals, herbal remedies, teas, spirits, cosmetics, sweets, dietary supplements, special industrial compounds and crude materials constitute an important global resource in terms of healthcare and economy. In recent years, DNA barcoding...

The identification of flowering plants using DNA barcoding proposed in last decades has slowly gained ground Africa, where it been successfully used to elucidate the systematics and ecology several plant groups, understand their evolutionary history. Existing inferences on effectiveness identify African trees are mostly based lowland forests, whereas adjacent montane forests significantly diffe...

Genus Paphiopedilum has species having lovely flowers which are incredibly attractive to everyone. Their ornamental and commercial value caused over-collection illegal poaching trade. Due these reasons, nowadays, the Venus slipper orchids facing deplete in nature. Therefore, it is important consider conservation. Mainly, necessary prioritize identification phylogenetic analysis methods of genus...

The genus Centaurea s.l. is one of the richest and most taxonomically complex Asteraceae family. It includes between 400 700 species, which more than 70 are found in Bulgaria – a territory considered as secondary centers speciation genus. There large number endemics (Bulgarian Balkan) with endemism reaching up to 50% some groups, such Cyanus gr. Due ongoing active Balkans, boundaries closely re...

Lithophyllum okamurae has been widely reported in the Pacific Ocean with identification based on morpho-anatomical observations. Two infraspecific taxa, L. f. and angulare, described from Japan, have recorded temperate region of Japan. We assessed branched samples morphologically referable to using data DNA sequences (psbA, rbcL partial LSU rDNA) obtained herbarium specimens, including type mat...

Coralline red algae in the non-geniculate genera Clathromorphum, Phymatolithon and Lithothamnion are important benthic ecosystem engineers photic zone of Arctic Subarctic. In these regions, systematics biogeography Clathromorphum have mostly been resolved whereas has not, until now. Seventy-three specific infraspecific names were given to Subarctic specimens late 19th early 20th century by Fran...