Epidemiologic, laboratory, and animal evidence suggests that progestins and vitamin D may be potent ovarian cancer preventives. Our objectives were to evaluate progestins as reproductive tract cancer chemopreventives in the chicken, determine whether restricted ovulation affected the incidence of reproductive tract tumors, and assess whether vitamin D would confer cancer protection either alone...

Women need multipurpose prevention products (MPTs) that protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and provide contraception. The Population Council has developed a prototype intravaginal ring (IVR) releasing the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) MIV-150 (M), zinc acetate (ZA), carrageenan (CG) and levonorgestrel (LNG) (MZCL IVR) to protect against HIV, HSV-2, H...

background: starting sexual relations in early ages, diminution of family size and couple's delay for having babies in recent years have increased the length of using contraception methods and women need contraceptives for an average of more than 30 years. on the other hand, the tendency to use a contraceptive method like other tendencies depends on the general attitude to apply it and this mea...

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus that can cause severe defects in an infected fetus. ZIKV is also transmitted by sexual contact, although the relative importance of sexual transmission is unclear. To better understand the role of sexual transmission in ZIKV pathogenesis, a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of vaginal transmission was developed. ZIKV was readily transmitted to mature...

Full-term pregnancy with Implanon® in situ An 18-year-old nulliparous woman who had had no bleeding since the insertion of an etonogestrel subdermal contraceptive implant (Implanon®) 4 months earlier had a positive pregnancy test. The implant was easily palpable and correctly sited. An ultrasound scan showed the gestation was 27±2 weeks. Review of the patient’s general practitioner (GP) records...

©FFPRHC J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 2007: 33(2) Case report I would like to present the case of a 38-year-old woman who suffered an ectopic pregnancy whilst using Implanon® (Organon Laboratories Ltd, Cambridge, UK), the etonogestrel contraceptive implant, for contraception. Of interest, the patient reported an unplanned pregnancy 15 years ago following a true method failure of the combined o...

TOPIC: Disorders of the Pleura TYPE: Medical Student/Resident Case Reports INTRODUCTION: Hemothorax is most commonly caused by trauma, but can also result from iatrogenic injury, rupture pleural adhesions, neoplasm, complication anticoagulation, aneurysmal rupture, pulmonary vascular malformations, endometriosis, and exostoses. A recurrent right-sided hemothorax, with a temporal relation to men...

Molecular mechanisms responsible for abnormal endometrial vasculature in women receiving long-acting progestin-only contraceptives (LAPCs) are unknown. We hypothesize that LAPCs impair vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and pericyte proliferation and migration producing thin-walled hyperdilated fragile microvessels prone to bleeding. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and α-smooth muscle...

IN 1956, Csapo put forward the theory of the local action of placental progesterone in an attempt to explain the separate delivery of human twins, several weeks apart. This theory, which holds that progesterone from the placenta can reach the overlying myometrium by a direct route and produce a functional asymmetry ofthe uterus, has been criticised (Short, 1960) on the ground that such progeste...