Targeted drug delivery to cancer cells by use of antibody-conjugated liposomes (immunoliposomes) has attracted considerable interest in recent years. Despite increasing efforts in developing immunoliposomes as drug carriers, the investigation of useful tumor-associated antigen targets is far from complete. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a cell surface antigen characterized by hypoxia-induced ...

Sex-type in Drosophila melanogaster is controlled by a hierarchically acting set of regulatory genes. At the terminus of this hierarchy lie those regulatory genes responsible for implementing sexual differentiation: genes that control the activity of target loci whose products give rise to sexually dimorphic phenotypes. The genetic analysis of the intersex (ix) gene presented here demonstrates ...

Thrombosis and transmission of viral diseases are the principal adverse effects of current replacement therapy for factor IX deficiency when using heat-treated concentrates of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. More highly purified factor IX preparations could decrease the risk of disease transmission, reduce patient exposure to allogeneic proteins, and reduce the risk of thrombosis. In t...

AIMS Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) expression has been described as an endogenous marker of hypoxia in solid neoplasms. Furthermore, CA IX expression has been associated with an aggressive phenotype and resistance to radiotherapy. We assessed the prognostic significance of CA IX expression in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A stand...

The role of the factor IXa heparin-binding exosite in coagulation was assessed with mutations that enhance (R170A) or reduce (R233A) stability of the protease-factor VIIIa A2 domain interaction. After tissue factor (TF) addition to reconstituted factor IX-deficient plasma, factor IX R170A supported a 2-fold increase in velocity index (slope) and peak thrombin concentration, whereas factor IX R2...

Although class IX myosins are single-headed, they demonstrate characteristics of processive movement along actin filaments. Double-headed myosins that move processively along actin filaments achieve this by successive binding of the two heads in a hand-over-hand mechanism. This mechanism, obviously, cannot operate in single-headed myosins. However, it has been proposed that a long class IX spec...

PURPOSE Hypoxia is associated with adverse outcome for a number of solid tumors, including cervical carcinomas. Direct pO(2) measurement requires specialized equipment and expertise that is not generally available. Immunohistochemical measurement of intrinsic tissue markers of hypoxia is an alternative approach. Recent studies suggest that carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), which is regulated via h...

Human factor IX circulates as a single-chain glycoprotein. Upon activation in vitro, it is cleaved into disulfide-linked light and heavy chains and an activation peptide. After reduction of activated 125I-factor IX, the heavy and light chains are readily identified by gel electrophoresis. A direct, immunoradiometric assay for factor IXa was developed to assess activation of factor IX for protea...

Hemophilia B is a leading target for gene therapy because current therapy is not optimal. Hence, a murine model of factor IX (F. IX) deficiency was generated to develop gene therapy strategies for hemophilia B. A targeting vector was created by replacing a 3.2-kb segment of the gene encompassing the catalytic domain with a phosphoglycerokinase promoter-driven neomycin resistant (neor) gene cass...

As information systems use becomes more widespread and more individuals and organizations rely on the Internet as a means of conducting business, it becomes ever more important to assure that the Internet is a place where privacy is protected. Additionally, as organizations rely more on information systems, they become vulnerable to attacks on these precious technologies. These are just some of...