background: methyl 2-benzimidazole carbamate (carbendazim) is a synthetic fungicide used against organisms that cause different types of plant diseases. it is widely used as a preservative in leather, paint, textile, fruit, and paper industry. it is also used as an anticancer drug in clinical medicine. methods: to evaluate the low dose toxicity of this compound in mammalian tissues, carbendazim...

in the development of neuroinflammatory diseases, alterations of the blood brain barrier (bbb) represent key events. the integrity of the bbb is partially maintained by endothelia cells (ecs), since they actively limit the transmigration of immune cells. however, the factors that cause endothelial cells to develop an immune cell-permissive phenotype are poorly understood. in general, it has bee...

background and objective: as apoptotic cell death is extremely involved in physiological development and many pathological situations such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, the understanding of its molecular machinery can be useful in designing new therapeutic strategies. the present study investigated the temporal expression of the proapoptotic protein bax in adult spinal motoneurons. ...

in this study, the energy reserves of prediapause and diapausing adult bugs were examined using colorimetric biochemical techniques to determine carbohydrates, lipids, glycogen, and protein content. to this end, 45-day-old bugs were obtained from three different sources: laboratory colony, cold-stored insects, or natural habitat. the results showed that prediapause males and females had signifi...

nutritive value of rumen epithelial scraping (rep) was assessed using in sacco and in vivo procedures. concentrates were so formulated that 0% (a), 35% (b), 70% (c), and 100% (d) of soybean meal (sbm), were replaced (weight for weight) with rep. in a completely randomized design, 16 west african dwarf (wad) goats were randomly allocated to the experimental diets to assess feed intake and digest...

we assessed the size and composition of the soil seed bank and above-ground vegetation in 52 relevés representing a range of habitats within an old- growth, temperate deciduous forest at hyrcanian region, northern iran. we identified 63 taxa in the seed bank, with an average density of 4202 seeds/spores per m2 by seedling emergence method. hypericum androsaemum, cardamine impatiens, and rub...

this study was conducted to determine in vitro crude protein degradation (ivdp) parameters and effective crude protein degradability (epd) of various feeds using the modified in vitro gas production (gp) technique. feed samples were alfalfa hay, soybean meal, soybean, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal and fish meal. rumen fluid was collected before the morning feeding from four rumen fistulated lam...

tetanus is a disease caused by tetanus toxin, a potent inhibitor for the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system that causes spastic paralysis. fragment c (52 kd) of this toxin is responsible for binding to the neuronal membrane. for this reason, and also its non toxigenic and immunogenic nature, this fragment might be ideal for new vaccine development. presently, w...

background: glucocorticoids have several benefits in large animal medicine but apart from their benefits, there are several disadvantages attributed to the use of these drugs. among the disadvantages, disturbance in protein metabolism is one of the side effects of glucocorticoids which has been investigated in human and laboratory animals. objectives: there are no information regarding the effe...

phosphorus (p) is a macro mineral in broiler nutrition. in growing broilers, besides its requirement for proper bone development, it is also involved in almost all metabolic processes. poor p availability results in decreased productivity and poor health status.phosphorus availability from plant derived feeds is affected by an anti-nutritional factor “phytate”, which forms a variety of insolubl...