What causes adolescents to be materialistic? Prior research shows parents and peers are an important influence. Researchers have viewed parents and peers as socialization agents that transmit consumption attitudes, goals, and motives to adolescents. We take a different approach, viewing parents and peers as important sources of emotional support and psychological well-being, which increase self...

The threats mobile phone users face, are about to increase due to the rapid penetration of advanced smartphone devices and the growing Internet access using them. As such, reinforcing users’ security has become a critical imperative. This paper refers to a system that pinpoints and informs mobile phone users that have a low security level, thus helping them protect themselves. The system consis...

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems are predominant in today’s energy, finance, transportation and telecommunications infrastructures. Protecting such Critical Infrastructures (CIs) against modern cyber threats and respond to sophisticated attacks is becoming as complex as essential. A synergistic and coordinated effort between multiple organizations is required in order to t...

The sovereignty of nations is highly dependent on the continuous and uninterrupted operation of critical infrastructures. Recent security incidents on SCADA networks show that threats in these environments are increasing in sophistication and number. To protect critical infrastructures against cyber attacks and to cope with their complexity, we advocate the application of a resilience strategy....

Coastal marine habitats at the interface of land and sea are subject to threats from human activities in both realms. Researchers have attempted to quantify how these various threats impact different coastal ecosystems, and more recently have focused on understanding the cumulative impact from multiple threats. Here, the top threats to coastal marine ecosystems and recent efforts to understand ...

The potential for catastrophic cyber attacks that can cripple the operations of critical infrastructures of nations is worrying. The consequences of cyber attack to the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are wide, resulting in potentially catastrophic damages and disruption. This paper proposes for the Critical National Information Infrastructure (CNII) organizations to co...

We discuss research issues and models for vulnerabilities and threats in distributed computing systems. We present four diverse approaches to reducing system vulnerabilities and threats. They are: using fault tolerance and reliability principles for security, enhancing role-based access control with trust ratings, protecting privacy during data dissemination and collaboration, and applying frau...

fast and unplanned city growth, has effects such as isolation of village societies, threatening urbancores and centers and small and weak societies, destruction of open spaces and open and natural regions. smart growthoffers a sustainable way for urban developing with appropriate use of available sources, increase of urban services,developing neighborhoods with different uses, making public tra...