In addition to providing safe and effective contraception, both the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) and selected long-acting progestogen-only contraceptives have significant health benefits. The COCP may reduce menstrual blood loss, dysmenorrhoea and premenstrual syndrome; unequivocally reduces the later incidence of endometrial and ovarian cancer; appears to help protect future fertili...

In recent years, hormonal suppression of undesired lactation has been widely employed. A review of the literature confirms the efficacy of this method, at first with estrogen alone and later with progestogen-estrogen combinations. The authors also discuss retrospective studies of the incidence of thromboembolism in such patients, and report on a new double-blind study of the successful use of n...

Groups of adult lactating Border Leicester cross Merino ewes which had lambed in the spring and had been milked mechanically after the lambs had been weaned at birth, were joined with Dorset Horn rams approximately 60 days after parturition. The ewes had been treated with progestogen sponges and pregnant mare’s serum gonadotrophrin (750 and 1500 I.U.) prior to the time of first or second expect...

Catamenial Pneumothorax is generally considered to be a rare entity. The lack of clear cause means that diagnosis and treatment challenging. objective this case report increase awareness highlight the role serial chest radiographs in improving pathology. A 33-year-old mother two presented at radiology department with history recurrent right-sided pain corresponded her menstrual period. Previous...

The knowledge on the etiology of breast cancer has advanced substantially in recent years, and several etiological factors are now firmly established. However, very few new discoveries have been made in relation to occupational risk factors. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has evaluated over 900 different exposures or agents to-date to determine whether they are carcinogenic to ...

OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study is to evaluate the long term effects of estrogen-progestogen therapy (EPT) on uterine myomas volume in postmenopausal women. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis on postmenopausal women with asymptomatic uterine myoma during the period between April, 2008 and September, 2012. Postmenopause was defined as amenorrhea for longer than a year or ser...

the plasma GSTA1-1 concentration increased; P ,0.0002 for the whole group) when compared with estradiol only. Sex-related differences in the expression of GST isoenzymes in liver were reported in rats [5] and mice [6] but not in humans. In female mice, ovariectomy resulted in increased liver GST activities that could be normalized by replacement of estrogen and progesterone [6]. In humans, men ...