This paper presents improvements in flow detection by electrical cross-correlation spectroscopy. This new technique detects molecular number fluctuations of electrochemically active analyte molecules as they are transported by liquid flow through a nanochannel. The fluctuations are used as a marker of liquid flow as their time of flight in between two consecutive transducers is determined, ther...

A complete analysis of light propagation through a hollow coupling with a uniformly varying cross section and specularly reflecting walls is given. This enables one to relate the entrance and exit intensity distributions when the input is incoherent but collimated. Results indicate that the input aperture can be partitioned into sections characterized by the total number of reflections an incom...

Precipitation hardening aluminium alloy sheets AA2017-T4 are welded by FSW on a conventional tool. A macrograph of the cross section butt-welded joint shows classical zones for such welding, namely nugget zone, thermo-mechanically affected zone and heat zone. Scanning Electron Microscopy displays grain refining re-formation precipitates in Micro-hardness measurements cross-section perpendicular...

With the I-type plastic extrusion die for example, the advantages and disadvantages between the traditional design method and optimization design method were compared. The design was studied via finite element numeric analysis combined with optimization, whose objective was the equal average flow velocity of each sub-field of profile cross section at extrusion die. And the optimization design w...