The product development process is one of the most challenging stages a life cycle due to several reasons. Having right knowledge environment during design may eliminate ...

Growing concern for the environment has spurred interest in environmentally conscious design and manufacturing. The concept of Design for the Life Cycle encompasses all aspects of a product's life cycle from initial conceptual design, through normal product use, to the eventual disposal of the product. A product's architecture, determined during the configuration design stage, plays a large rol...

Simulating a structurally simple model of a manufacturing enterprise revealed complex dynamic behavior. Enterprise modeling and simulation provided estimates of end-of-life inventory and order delivery performance based on interactions of forecast quality, quoted product availability, material procurement and safety stock policies, vendor lead times, product life cycle, and part commonality. An...

While much has changed in product modularity research in the 18 years since the independence axiom, some basic questions remain unanswered. Perhaps the most fundamental of those questions is whether increasing modularity actually saves money. The goal of the research behind this paper was to clearly define the fundamental relationship between product modularity and product cost. Our previous wo...

In this paper we examine classical and fundamental processes of business planning and marketing. As a result we define a five-phase process model for planning and marketing and we examine the relationship of planning and marketing to both the acquisition cycle and the research, development, test, and evaluation cycle. We construct a product life cycle—an abstraction that is a familiar part of m...

just like any other process, vaccine manufacturing procedures are defined as a series of interrelated functions and activities using a variety of specified actions and equipment designed to produce a defined product. to assure the reproducibility and consistency of such processes, they must be carried out using validated equipment and under the established procedures that meet all the acceptanc...