Most of what we learned about periodontal disease in dental colleges is largely outdated. The old calculus-based theory of periodontal disease has been replaced by a newer paradigm, one derived from microbiological & immunological studies that compel us to rethink the traditional "notched metal stick" approach developed in the 1900's. Presently, the diagnosis & classification of periodontal dis...

A tomographic method is described that makes it possible to follow the propagation of shock waves across the photosphere of long-period variable stars. The method relies on the correlation of the observed spectrum with numerical masks probing layers of different atmospheric depths. The formation depth of spectral lines is derived from synthetic spectra of non-variable red giant stars. When appl...

Periodontal disease, commonly known as gum disease, affects millions of Americans. The current method of detecting periodontal disease is painful, invasive, and inaccurate. As an alternative to manual probing, the ultrasonographic periodontal probe is being developed to use RF ultrasound waveforms to measure periodontal pocket depth, which is the main measure of periodontal disease. The methods...

BACKGROUND The authors provide clinical findings in five patients wearing oral jewelry to illustrate the risks of experiencing periodontal injury associated with body piercing involving intraoral and perioral sites. They also present a literature review of other adverse dental and medical consequences attributed to oral piercing. CASE DESCRIPTIONS Five young adult patients with tongue and lip...

This study evaluated the clinical, radiographic, and histologic response to the composite use of Bio-Oss porous bone mineral and autogenous bone in combination with a Bio-Gide bilayer collagen membrane to achieve regeneration when treating human periodontal bone defects. Preoperative recordings for four treatment areas included radiographs, clinical probing depths, and attachment levels; these ...

We describe a pulsed measurement technique for suppressing hysteresis for carbon nanotube (CNT) device measurements in air, vacuum, and over a wide temperature range (80-453 K). Varying the gate pulse width and duty cycle probes the relaxation times associated with charge trapping near the CNT, found to be up to the 0.1-10 s range. Longer off times between voltage pulses enable consistent, hyst...

Marine Crenarchaeota are among the most abundant microbial groups in the ocean, and although relatively little is currently known about their biogeochemical roles in marine ecosystems, recognition that Crenarchaeota posses ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes and may act as ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) offers another means of probing the ecology of these microorganisms. Here we use a time seri...

Foreground and background features are focused (or defocused) diierently in an image because corresponding objects are at diierent depths in the scene. This paper presents a novel approach for segmenting foreground and background in video images based on feature defocus. A modiied defocus measurement that distinguishes between high-contrast defocused edges and low-contrast focused edges is pres...