Working memory is important for maintaining critical information in an active state to guide future behavior. The executive-attention theory of working memory capacity (WMC; Engle & Kane, 2004) argues that goal maintenance is important for response selection when stimuli are associated with competing responses. Braver, Burgess, and Gray (2007) have labeled this type of preparatory activity proa...

this paper addresses the design of control charts for both variable ( x chart) andattribute (u and c charts) quality characteristics, when there is uncertainty about the processparameters or sample data. derived control charts are more flexible than the strict crisp case, dueto the ability of encompassing the effects of vagueness in form of the degree of expert’spresumption. we extend the use o...

clinical laboratory results play an important role in helping physicians in diagnosis and treatment. in view of the direct effect of the working methods on the quality of data in the laboratory, quality control of data and results in the biochemistry ward of laboratory includes taking into account all the factors and variables relating to all the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical s...

Performance and event-related potentials (ERPs) were examined in a proactive interference (PI) task with 15 male schizophrenic patients and 15 matched healthy controls. Within a paired-associate task, 30 pairs of semantically unrelated words (A-B) were presented twice, followed by cued recall, in which the paired-associate B had to be named upon cue A. Subsequently, 50% of the A-words were pair...

The dual mechanisms of control account suggests that cognitive control may be implemented through relatively proactive mechanisms in anticipation of stimulus onset, or through reactive mechanisms, triggered in response to changing stimulus demands. Reward incentives and task-informative cues (signaling the presence/absence of upcoming cognitive demand) have both been found to influence cognitiv...

In two experiments, we examined the importance of the detection and recollection of change for list discrimination. Two lists of pairs were presented, with the right-hand member being changed between lists for some pairs. Participants in Experiment 1 were instructed to explicitly indicate when they detected a change between pairs during the presentation of List 2, whereas participants in Experi...