in this paper the trade restrictiveness of agricultural policies in iran was measured by the triindex for the nine major agricultural products including wheat, rice, barely, maize, soybean,meat (beef meat), soybean oil, sugar and banana over the period 1981 to 2007. the main resultsindicate that there is no trend in above index and high volatility especially in 2006 and 2007years due to conside...

The main objective of the paper was to examine the costs, returns and efficiency levels obtained by key players in the Ghanaian yam marketing chain. A total of 320 players/actors (farmers, wholesalers, retailers and cross-border traders) in the Ghanaian yam industry were selected from four districts (Techiman, Atebubu, Ejura-Sekyedumasi and Nkwanta) through a multi-stage sampling approach for t...

This project investigates how the actors in a transportation chain are expected to act when different types of governmental control policies are applied. A simulation-based tool is being developed for use in analyzing the effects of different control policies. The simulator is based on agent technology and include some intelligence with respect to how the transport operators act in different si...

In a recent editorial in Biostatistics, Peng (2009) introduced a system for making data and computer code from papers in the journal publicly available so that other researchers can reproduce the statistical analyses in the paper. The editors explain in a short accompanying note (Diggle and Zeger, 2009) that ‘we wish to encourage the practice of making research published in the journal reproduc...

OBJECTIVE Review the literature on the impact of policies designed to enhance uptake of generic medicines in low and middle income countries (LMICs). METHODS We searched for publications related to generic medicines policies (January 2000-March 2010) and did a bibliometric, descriptive analysis of the dataset in addition to an analysis of studies evaluating the impact of pro-generic policies....

abstract export of nonoil goods in economic activities is so important and its effect on economic and comparative growth is undeniable. so, emphasize on agricultural sector and development of export in this sector prepares good conditions, for iran, to be present at international markets relying its advantages. the study tries to recognize necessary policies to enhance agricultural export poten...

  In today’s extremely competitive markets it is crucial for companies to strategically position their brands, products and services relative to their competitors. With the emerging trend in internationalization of companies especially SME’s and the growing use of the Internet with this regard, great amount of attention has been turned to effective involvement of the Internet channel in the mar...

BACKGROUND Brazil has reduced its smoking rate by about 50% in the last 20 y. During that time period, strong tobacco control policies were implemented. This paper estimates the effect of these stricter policies on smoking prevalence and associated premature mortality, and the effect that additional policies may have. METHODS AND FINDINGS The model was developed using the SimSmoke tobacco con...