www.aafp.org/afp AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN 2517 has changed dramatically since the early 1970s, largely because of the problems with thalidomide and diethylstilbestrol. Consequently, extensive testing is required before a drug can be labeled for use during pregnancy. Since 1975, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has assigned pregnancy risk factors to all drugs used in the United State...

Covid -19 pandemic has adversely affected the maternal health in multiple ways. Pregnant women are facing problems and delays seeking routine care during pregnancy, delivery postpartum.

Advanced extrauterine pregnancy with a successful outcome is a rare event. A case is presented of a 34-year-old woman at 35 weeks gestation whose abdominal pregnancy was successfully managed. The diagnostic and management problems associated with abdominal pregnancy are discussed, and especially the controversial issues of the treatment of the placenta after delivery. The reasons for the high m...

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a heterogeneous molecule that is the marker of choice for detecting pregnancy and indicating ectopic pregnancies and spontaneous abortions. This article describes the use of hCG in detecting pregnancy, and how pregnancy detection is complicated by the extreme variation in individual hCG results and by the varying structure of hCG. The problems of false-posi...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Human studies that have investigated the association between caffeine intake during pregnancy and offspring's behavioral outcomes are scant and inconclusive. We prospectively investigated the association between maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and children's problem behavior at age 5 to 6 years. Mediation by fetal growth restriction and gestational age as well...

In this article, the authors investigated the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on behavioral problems, which were not mediated by lower birth weight, in offspring at 3 y of age. The authors used the Child Behavior Checklist for ages 2-3 y (CBCL/2-3; Achenbach, Edelbrock and Howell) to assess behavioral problems in 1,377 2- to 3-y-old healthy twin pairs. Soon after the birth of twins,...

Key content Lipid and triglyceride levels increase in pregnancy do not pose problems for most women. However, pregnancy-specific factors genetic aberrations, especially mutations, may result supraphysiological hypercholesterolaemia (HC) severe hypertriglyceridaemia (sHTG). HC sHTG are associated with complications pregnancy, including acute pancreatitis, hyperviscosity syndrome pre-eclampsia. A...

BACKGROUND A number of alcohol guidelines worldwide suggest that pregnant women should abstain from alcohol. However, high prevalence rates of alcohol consumption during pregnancy still exist. It is unknown whether there are problems with the dissemination of guideline information that is potentially contributing to such consumption. This qualitative study aimed to explore women's perceptions o...

Background: Prematurity is still a major cause of neonatal and infant mortality morbidity. Aim: This study aimed to describe the incidence preterm infants, indications admission, risk factors, discharge outcome. Materials Methods: A retrospective, descriptive design was used. sample 692 infants admitted Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) included. structured sheet used gather necessary data. I...