This article focuses on the hydration, and associated microstructure development, of b-hemihydrate to dihydrate (gypsum). The sound velocity is used to quantify the composition of the fresh slurry as well as the hardening and hardened—porous—material. Furthermore, an overview of available hydration kinetic and volumetric models for gypsum is addressed. The presented models predict the sound vel...

Protein hydration shell dynamics play an important role in biochemical processes including protein folding, enzyme function, and molecular recognition. We present here a comparison of the reorientation dynamics of individual water molecules within the hydration shell of a series of globular proteins: acetylcholinesterase, subtilisin Carlsberg, lysozyme, and ubiquitin. Molecular dynamics simulat...

D r. Vasavada regularly performs stromal hydration, at both the clear corneal temporal incision and paracentesis, as part of his strategy for sealing the wound after cataract surgery. Further, he has found stromal hydration to be a useful adjunct in clear corneal cataract surgery, because it allows the adequate approximation of the anterior and posterior aspects of the corneal tunnel. Today, su...

We have studied the rheological property evolution and hydration behavior of white and ordinary portland cement (type I) pastes and concentrated cement–polyelectrolyte suspensions. Cement composition had a marked effect on the elastic property evolution (G (t)) and hydration behavior of these suspensions in the presence of poly(acrylic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer (PAA/PEO), even though...

Hydration is a major determinant of activity and selectivity of enzymes in organic solvents or in gas phase. The molecular mechanism of the hydration of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) and its dependence on the thermodynamic activity of water (a(w)) was studied by molecular dynamics simulations and compared to experimentally determined water sorption isotherms. Hydration occurred in two phas...

Water 2H and 17O spin relaxation is used to study water dynamics in the hydration layers of two small peptides, two globular proteins and in living cells of two microorganisms. The dynamical heterogeneity of hydration water is characterized by performing relaxation measurements over a wide temperature range, extending deeply into the supercooled regime, or by covering a wide frequency range. Pr...

Hydration structures around F-actin and myosin subfragment-1 (S1), which play central roles as counterparts in muscle contraction, were investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The radius of gyration of chymotryptic S1 was evaluated to be 41.3±1.1 Å for SAXS, 40.1±3.0 Å for SANS in H2O, and 37.8±0.8 Å for SANS in D2O, respectively. The value...

BACKGROUND To explore the association between hydration volume and symptoms during the last 3 weeks of life in terminally ill cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a multicenter, prospective, observational study of 226 consecutive terminally ill patients with abdominal malignancies. Primary responsible physicians and nurses evaluated the severity of membranous dehydration (dehydratio...

BACKGROUND Pancreatitis is a serious complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and may cause significant morbidity and even death. There is no effective prophylactic intervention for patients with average risk yet. This study aims to investigate preventive effect of aggressive hydration for post-ERCP pancreatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a double-blind controlled ...