a hierarchy of information processing is proposed, with the provisionally highest level being the symbolic reasoning that distinguishes humans from animals. This level is based on an abstract language of thought or “code”, consisting of concepts represented by symbols and a syntactical mechanism for combining these concepts into new expressions. The main shortcoming of this conceptual-symbolic ...

In 2008, the Ontario Long Term Care Association was awarded funding from HealthForceOntario to assist with its nursing recruitment strategy based on research it had initiated in 2007. The research goal was to understand the career motivations and perceptions of students enrolled in registered nursing (RN) and registered practical nursing (RPN) programs in Ontario to develop and test a message t...

All of the major branches of Islamic mysticism, ‘irfān, refer to Imam ‘Ali (‘a) as a major source for their teachings and practices. Hence, we begin with a review of how the mystics viewed Imam ‘Ali (‘a). After this we consider some controversies about the nature of ‘irfān and its relationship to Sufism, for the terms have been used in different ways. Then we turn to the sources on the basis of...

mystical language has always been one of the most prominent fields of investigation since the very beginning of its evolution. it has also been taken deep into account not only by the mystics, but also by the researchers concerned. after the flourishing of theorising in the 20th century, and the emergence of the theory of formalism, due to its analytical and scientific strength, many researcher...