PR-104, currently in clinical trial, is converted systemically to the dinitrobenzamide nitrogen mustard prodrug PR-104A, which is reduced selectively in hypoxic cells to cytotoxic hydroxylamine (PR-104H) and amine (PR-104M) metabolites. Here, we evaluate the roles of this reductive metabolism, and DNA interstrand cross-links (ICL), in the hypoxic and aerobic cytotoxicity of PR-104. Using a pane...

We report results from high Prandtl number turbulent thermal convection experiments. The viscous boundary layer and the Reynolds number are measured in four different fluids over wide ranges of the Prandtl number Pr and the Rayleigh number Ra, all in a single convection cell of unity aspect ratio. We find that the normalized viscous layer thickness may be represented as delta(v)/L=0.65Pr(0.24)R...

1 Progesterone receptors (PR) are critical mediators of mammary gland development and 2 contribute to breast cancer progression. Progestin-induced rapid activation of 3 cytoplasmic protein kinases leads to selective regulation of growth-promoting genes by 4 phospho-PR species. Herein, we show that phosphorylation of PR Ser81 is ck25 dependent and progestin-regulated in intact cells, but also oc...

This study was done to evaluate the frequency, intensity, and specificity of a positive pathergy reaction (PR) in Behcet's disease (BD) patients, to clarify an association between the PR and the clinical features or disease severity, and to assess whether patients with pustule formation at the venous puncture site (PFVPS) without positive PR could be regarded as a positive reaction. The PR was ...

This paper presents aspects of the coordination chemistry of mono- and divalent manganese complexes supported by the anionic tris(phosphino)borate ligand, [PhBP(i)(Pr)3] (where [PhBP(i)(Pr)3] = [PhB(CH(2)P(i)Pr2)3]-). The Mn(II) halide complexes, [PhBP(i)(Pr)3]MnCl (1) and [PhBP(i)(Pr)3]MnI (2), have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, SQUID magnetometry, and EPR spectroscopy. Compound 2 s...

STUDY OBJECTIVES Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves exercise tolerance in COPD patients. Tiotropium is a once-daily, inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator that provides sustained 24-h improvements in airflow and lung hyperinflation reduction. We hypothesized that ventilatory mechanics improvements from tiotropium would permit enhanced ability to train muscles of ambulation and therefore au...

BACKGROUND HIV-1 protease (PR) is an essential viral enzyme. Its primary function is to proteolyze the viral Gag-Pol polyprotein for production of viral enzymes and structural proteins and for maturation of infectious viral particles. Increasing evidence suggests that PR cleaves host cellular proteins. However, the nature of PR-host cellular protein interactions is elusive. This study aimed to ...

Prospective data on ethnic differences in hormone receptor-defined subtypes of breast cancer and their risk factor profiles are scarce. The authors examined the joint distributions of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status across 5 ethnic groups and the associations of established risk factors with ER/PR status in the Multiethnic Cohort Study (Hawaii and Los Angeles, Calif...

The performance of the adaptive projection receiver (PR), a recently proposed joint detector for CDMA with error control coding, is investigated. It is shown that the adaptive version of the PR performs better than the algebraic PR as well as the modi ed PR. A close approximation of the error probability for the adaptive PR is derived. The performance improvement of the adaptive PR, which is of...

Proteorhodopsins (PRs), the recently discovered light-driven proton pumps, play a major role in supplying energy for microbial organisms of oceans. In contrast to PR, rhodopsins found in Archaea and Eukarya are structurally well characterized. Using single-molecule microscopy and spectroscopy, we observed the oligomeric assembly of native PR molecules and detected their folding in the membrane....