Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Three PPAR isoforms, designated PPARalpha, -beta/delta, and -gamma, have been identified and attracted enormous attention as a result of the key role that these receptors play in regulating adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, infl...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α deletion induces a profound decrease in MnSOD activity, leading to oxidative stress and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that treatment of PPAR-α knockout (KO) mice with the SOD mimetic tempol prevents the heart from pathological remodelling and preserves LV function. Twenty PPAR-α KO mice and 20 age-matched wild-typ...

Welcome to the inaugural special issue of PPAR Research: PPARs and Bone Metabolism. In addition to the key roles PPARs play in numerous processes including glucose and fat metabolism, inflammation, cancer, and central nervous system maintenance, a new role for PPAR-γ has recently emerged: the maintenance of bone homeostasis during aging and disease. In this premier issue we have assembled what ...

The ligand-dependent nuclear receptor PPAR plays an important role in murine and human trophoblast differentiation. Oxidized lipids, which are implicated in the pathophysiology of placental dysfunction, have recently been identified as ligands for PPAR . We therefore hypothesized that oxidized lipids activate PPAR in human trophoblasts and influence placental function. To test our hypothesis, w...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and plays an important role in growth, differentiation, and inflammation in different tissues. In this study, we investigated the effects of 15d-PGJ(2), a high-affinity ligand of PPAR-gamma, on dedifferentiation and on inflammatory responses such as COX-2 expression and PGE(2) production in ...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR ) is a nuclear receptor activated by fatty acid derivatives and hypolipidemic drugs of the fibrate class. PPAR is expressed in monocytes, macrophages, and foam cells, suggesting a role for this receptor in macrophage lipid homeostasis with consequences for atherosclerosis development. Recently, it was shown that PPAR activation promotes cholester...

Peroxisomes provide glial cells with protective functions against the harmful effects of H2O2 on neurons and peroxisome impairment results in nervous lesions. Agonists of the γ -subtype of the Peroxisome-Proliferator-Activated-Receptors (PPAR) have been proposed as neuroprotective agents in neurodegenerative disorders. Nevertheless, the role of PPAR- γ alterations in pathophysiological mechanis...

Changes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors- δ (PPAR δ ) expression in rats after spinal cord injury (SCI) have been previously reported. Diabetic animals show a higher mortality after SCI. However, the relationship between the progress of diabetes and PPAR δ in SCI remains unknown. In the present study, we used compressive SCI in streptozotocin-(STZ-) induced diabetic rats. GW07...

Quantitative real-time RT-PCR study was conducted to reveal the effects of normal (5 mmol/l) and high (30 mmol/l) glucose without or with oleate (0.3 mmol/l) on mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- (PPAR-)alpha, -gamma1, -gamma2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator- (PGC-)1alpha and -1beta in commercial human hepatoma-derived HepG2 cells mainta...

The ligand-dependent nuclear receptors PPAR and RXR / were recently determined to be essential for murine placental development and trophoblast differentiation. In the current study we examined the expression and role of the PPAR / RXR heterodimers in human invasive trophoblasts. We first report that in human first trimester placenta, PPAR and RXR are highly expressed in cytotrophoblasts at the...