This paper presents a multi-agent Double Deep Q Network (DDQN) based on deep reinforcement learning for solving the transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) of high-penetration renewable energy source (RES) system considering uncertainty. First, K-means algorithm that enhances extraction quality variable wind and load power uncertain characteristics is proposed. Its clustering objective f...

This paper aims to find the efficient state of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) by simultaneous optimization of the control strategy and the power train. The power transmission employed in this vehicle is a power-split continuously variable transmission (CVT) which uses several fixed ratio mechanisms. After describing this transmission, the rules of electric assist control strategy are introduced....

From the earliest days of commercial power production, transmission has grown steadily in importance. New wholesale power markets have sparked interest in distributed generation, but trade between these markets has only increased the need for transmission investment. As with generation, a market for the use of existing assets is not difficult to imagine, but a market to supply these assets is m...

Conventional power systems have been planned with dispatchable generation using deterministic planning and operating methods and tools since the inception of the industry, with little exception. It now appears that the future power system will need to successfully integrate a high share of non-dispatchable renewable energy whose production exhibits much greater variability and uncertainty than ...

Abstract—During the recent past, due to the increase of electrical energy demand and governmental resources constraints in creating additional capacity in the generation, transmission, and distribution, privatization, and restructuring in electrical industry have been considered. So, in most of the countries, different parts of electrical industry like generation, transmission, and distribution...

Traditional design rules for cellular networks are not directly applicable to code division multiple access (CDMA) networks where intercell interference is not mitigated by cell placement and careful frequency planning. For transmission quality requirements, a minimum signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) must be achieved. The base-station location, its pilot-signal power (which determines the siz...