December 28, 1987: Shuichi Kawasaki, one of my graduate students, shouted for me to: “Come to the laboratory, immediately!” When I arrived, to my great surprise, I saw numerous laser spots twinkling very strongly on the screen. “How fantastic! How could you generate such a colorful beam, today?” I asked him. “I really don’t know. I was trying to get better data for my thesis, and I maximized th...

This paper discusses on general aspects of smart grids and focuses on some smart grid features at distribution level like interconnection of distributed generation and active distribution management, using automated meter reading (AMR) systems in network management and power quality monitoring, application of power electronics in electricity distribution, plug-in vehicles as part of smart grids...

In this paper we outline our results for validating the precision of the internal power meters of smart-phones under different workloads. We compare its results with an external power meter. This is the first step towards creating customized energy models on the fly and towards optimizing battery efficiency using genetic program improvements. Our experimental results indicate that the internal ...

Smart meters have become a matter of concern for many populations, although the technology is as always politically neutral. The focus on electricity rather than all metered services, water, gas and electricity is one aspect of this public concern. The heavy emphasis on Smart Grids, overall energy supply stability [1] and the extension of control into the home by power generators, allied to poo...

Electricity theft is a comprehensive problem in both developing and developed countries. Although the theft causes great economic losses and reduces reliability of power grids, the problem continues to grow. In this study, the revisions required to prevent electricity theft are specified and a new distribution grid configuration with revisions is presented. Distorted distribution voltage is the...

Evaluation of any communication technology is only relevant in the context of the operating environment. This seemingly obvious point, frequently bypassed in general analysis, cannot be overlooked in the field of power line communications. The conditions required for superposition to be applicable (i.e., linearity and time invariance) are not met for the majority of power line networks. In this...

A measurement method presented by John R. Juroshek (NIST) in conjunction with the Vector Network Analyzers R&S ZVM or R&S ZVK from Rohde & Schwarz allows fast and accurate determination of the equivalent reflection coefficient of power splitters or directional couplers. If the magnitude and phase of reflection coefficients of source (e.g. power splitter) and sink (e.g. power meter) are known, a...

When Venturi meters are used in wet gas, the measured differential pressure is higher than it would be in gas phases flowing alone. This phenomenon is called over-reading. Eight famous over-reading correlations have been studied by many researchers under lowand high-pressure conditions, the conclusion is separated flow model and homogeneous flow model performing well both under high and low pre...

Training on measurements to determine the characteristics of the three-phase electrical system is very useful for a deep knowledge of the theoretical aspects. Laboratory sessions for measurement by using advanced technologies must be performed. Two implemented tools are presented. The first one fulfils some requirements: it uses a virtual instrument, will be used in distance learning sections a...

With the rapidly growing interest in millimetre-wave and sub-millimetre-wave systems, the lack of traceability for measurements at these wavelengths is becoming ever more of a problem. Making comparable measurements of fundamental parameters, such as power, is very difficult and no proper calibrations traceable to SI realisations are available. At NPL, work undertaken in the 1980s led to the de...