In recent years the electricity sector has undergone a number of changes that all point in the direction of liberalization and decentralization of control. However, a number of technological challenges have to be addressed before the desired degree of decentralization is obtained. Currently, most of the decisions about the operation of a power system are still made in control centers in a centr...

Bitcoin introduced delegation of control over a monetary system from select few to all who participate in that system. This is known as the decentralization controlling power and powerful security mechanism for ecosystem. After introduction Bitcoin, field cryptocurrency has seen widespread attention industry academia, so much original novel contribution i.e., decentralization, may be overlooked...

The paper examines the cyclical process of alternating periods centralization and decentralization in state administration USSR post-Soviet Russia. Based on system-informational understanding public administration, author identifies causes this phenomenon that are associated with certain advantages disadvantages both administration. It is shown implementation a particular style determined by it...

From the past to the present time, in all civilizations and countries, urbanization is considered the most striking evolution of human societies. With the advent of the industrial revolution and the rapid expansion of cities, societies were faced with numerous problems. One of the most significant problems is Extreme centralization in one city or more and fragmentation of urban hierarchical sys...

From the past to the present time, in all civilizations and countries, urbanization is considered the most striking evolution of human societies. With the advent of the industrial revolution and the rapid expansion of cities, societies were faced with numerous problems. One of the most significant problems is Extreme centralization in one city or more and fragmentation of urban hierarchical sys...

The profitability of a firm is jointly determined by the market structure and the firm’s organizational structure. To explore the relationship between these two structures, a real-time information processing model in a dynamic duopoly environment is developed, which allows us to examine the effects of the product market competition and the cost of delay. It is found that Decentralization tends ...

Mrs. Umbridge walks through the hall of Hogwarts with a certain air about her; each of the students knows that what she says will be the !nal decision (Barron, 2007). The O.W.L.S. will be the deciding factor on how well the students do in the future and any student who does not meet the standards will not be able to partake in any form of witchcraft in the future. Students are taught a basic kn...

Cloud computing can be defined as the provision of computing resources on-demand over the Internet. Although this might bring a number of advantages to end-users in terms of accessibility and elasticity of costs, problems arise concerning the collection of personal information in the Cloud and the legitimate exploitation thereof. To the extent that most of the content and software application a...