Cell polarization is a process of coordinated cellular rearrangements that prepare the cell for migration. GM1 is synthesized in the Golgi apparatus and localized in membrane microdomains that appear at the leading edge of polarized cells, but the mechanism by which GM1 accumulates asymmetrically is unknown. The Golgi apparatus itself becomes oriented toward the leading edge during cell polariz...

We calculate the linear and circular polarization of gluons produced in conjunction with massive quarks in the annihilation process e+e− → qq̄G. The linear polarization is calculated in the hadron event plane as well as in the gluon-beam plane. Beam polarization and polar orientation effects are included in our discussion. For typical top pair production energies at the Next-Linear-Collider (NLC...

The grass shrimp (Palaemonetes vuigaris) orients itself by means of the polarization pattern of the sky visible through Snell's window of the water surface. The celestial polarization pattern viewed from water is distortt.~! and modified because of refraction and repolarization of skylight at the air-water interface. This work provides a quantitative account of the repolarization of skylight tr...

If the photoreceptors of a colour vision system are polarization sensitive, the system detects polarization-induced false colours. Based on the functional similarities between polarization vision and colour vision, earlier it was believed that a uniformly polarization-sensitive (insect) retina (UPSR)-in which receptors of all spectral types have the same polarization sensitivity ratio and micro...

Using recent measurements of ultraviolet interstellar polarization, we have examined its relationship to ultraviolet extinction and to polarization and extinction measurements in the visible and infrared. The relationship between the relative amount of ultraviolet polarization and the parameter determined j max , using only visible data, is conÐrmed and strengthened, for example, by a tight cor...

We report on a study of polarization properties of asymmetric, multimode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) subjected to electrical RF modulation. When subjected to RF modulation, complex frequency-dependent polarization properties, especially near the polarization switching point are revealed. We propose a scheme of rapidly switching the two RF frequencies modulating the VCSEL, in...

Polarization gratings can be realized by polarization holographic recording in photoanisotropic materials. In this paper, we study two types of polarization gratings. One is recorded with two orthogonally circularly (OC) polarized beams and the other one with two orthogonally linearly (OL) polarized beams. The interference of both cases is explored beyond the small recording angle regime. A nov...

Abstract: Inclination of the bias magnetization in a magnetooptic waveguide yields both nonreciprocal phase shifts and polarization conversion. This enables the design of unidirectional polarization converters, i.e. waveguides that switch between orthogonal polarizations for one direction of light propagation, but keep the polarization state for light propagating in the opposite direction. Simu...

This paper presents a novel electrical polarization tracking method for mobile satellite communication systems that use linear polarization. It consists of two main technologies; the first estimates the mobile station antenna’s relative polarization angle against that of the satellite’s onboard antenna, the second forms counter polarization against the estimated value. We use a Ku-band communic...

A reconfigurable patch antenna consisting of a square patch with two cross-shaped diagonal slots is presented. The proposed design approach is based on the use of two pairs of switches in order to obtain both frequency and polarization reconfigurability. Specifically, three different polarization states have been obtained: a Right-Hand Circular Polarization, a Left-Hand Circular Polarization an...