i Executive summary This report compares current practice in ecological risk assessment for genetically modified (GM) plants and microorganisms, as evidenced by eight transnational and national frameworks, with what might reasonably be considered best practice. Best practice is defined for the scientific principles, hazard identification, risk calculation, social appraisal and monitoring stages...

The lengthy commentary by Gamble (1) is rife with inaccuracies, all ofwhich cannot be commented on in the context of this reply. However, because Gamble's critique largely is directed toward ecological studies, we wish to focus on a number ofwidespread misconceptions to which his critique has succumbed. We have discussed these issues at length in a recent publication in EHP (2). Contrary to his...

Relatively little attention has been paid to the role of human perception and judgment in ecological risk management. This paper attempts to characterize perceived ecological risk, using the psychometric paradigm developed in the domain of human health risk perception. The research began by eliciting a set of scale characteristics and risk items (e.g., technologies, actions, events, beliefs) fr...

The exploitation of fossil fuels is a main factor for environmental deterioration, especially the large-scale exploitation of high-sulphur gas because of the toxicity of sulphur. There exist many different types of environmental risk threats in gas exploitation, regardless of whether it is caused by human activity or natural calamity. It is impossible to control nature, but it is possible to ma...