purpose : to report a case of posterior keratoconus with atypical ocular findings case report : an 8-year-old boy was referred to our clinic with the chief complaint of blurred vision in his right eye. the patient had no history prior ocular surgery of trauma. her family history was also unremarkable. comprehensive ocular examination was performed. results : the patient's best spectacle co...

Abstract Background The goals of cervical internal fixation are to provide immediate stability control an unstable segment and improve bony union. Early methods preferred a posterior approach consisted simple wire cancellous bone graft. Later, anterior, became recent additions surgeon’s armamentarium. Objectives Comparing between anterior in subaxial ligamentous subluxation regarding the applic...

Objective: The morbidity and mortality are high for traumatic upper cervical spine instability with cervico-medullary compression. In a clinical retrospective study, the clinical and radiographic results of occipitocervical (OC) fusion using posterior atlantoaxial transpedicular screw fixation in 12 patients with traumatic upper cervical spine instability was reviewed. Methods: Twelve patients ...